Learning Finnish: a practical guide
This is a written companion to the free Finnish course on LanguagePath: what the language is like, how it sounds, the phrases you will use first, how the course is structured, and what to watch out for. Everything here comes from the same lessons you can practise interactively above.
What Finnish is like
Finnish spelling is wonderfully predictable: every letter has one sound, and stress always falls on the first syllable. It is agglutinative — endings and cases tack onto the end of a word, so kahvi (coffee) becomes kahvissa (in the coffee). The vowels ä, ö and y are special, and a doubled letter (aa, tt…) is simply held for twice as long. Read it and you can say it.
Words you may already know
Pronunciation notes
Finnish is written almost exactly as it sounds — every letter has one value. Master the tricky ä / ö / y, the long double letters and the rolled r, and you can read any word aloud.
- ä — like the "a" in "cat" — open and front, as in päivä = PIE-vaa (day) · äiti = AY-tee (mother).
- ö — round your lips for "o", say "e" — like the German ö, as in yö = YUH (night) · työ = TYUH (work).
- y — round your lips for "oo", say "ee" — like the German ü, as in yksi = EWK-see (1) · nyt = newt (now).
- double cons — hold the consonant twice as long — it changes the word, as in muta = moo-ta (mud) · mutta = MOOT-ta (but).
- double vowel — a long vowel, held twice as long, as in tuli = TOO-lee (fire) · tuuli = TOO-lee (wind).
- r — rolled / trilled "r" — tap the tip of your tongue, as in raha = RAH-ha (money) · Rovaniemi.
- h — always pronounced, even between vowels, as in kahvi = KAHV-ee (coffee) · raha = RAH-ha (money).
- j — like "y" in "yes", as in juna = YOO-na (train) · ja = ya (and).
First phrases
The pocket phrases below are the ones learners reach for most often. Say each one out loud a few times before moving on.
| Finnish | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Moi | MOY | Hi / bye |
| Hyvää päivää | HEW-vaa PIE-vaa | Good day |
| Näkemiin | NAK-eh-meen | Goodbye |
| Mitä kuuluu? | MEE-ta KOO-loo | How are you? |
| Hyvää, kiitos | HEW-vaa, KEE-tos | Fine, thanks |
| Nimeni on Alex | NEE-meh-nee on | My name is... |
| Kiitos | KEE-tos | Thank you |
| Kiitos paljon | KEE-tos PAHL-yon | Thank you very much |
| Ole hyvä | OH-leh HEW-va | Please / you're welcome |
| Anteeksi | AHN-tehk-see | Excuse me / sorry |
| Kyllä | KEWL-la | Yes |
| Ei | AY | No |
| Yksi | EWK-see | 1 |
| Kaksi | KAHK-see | 2 |
| Kolme | KOL-meh | 3 |
| Neljä | NEL-ya | 4 |
| Viisi | VEE-see | 5 |
| Kymmenen | KEWM-meh-nen | 10 |
| Vesi | VEH-see | water |
| Leipä | LAY-pa | bread |
| Kahvi | KAHV-ee | coffee |
| Tee | tay | tea |
| Lasku | LAHS-koo | the bill |
| Missä on...? | MEES-sa on | Where is...? |
| Oikealle | OY-keh-al-leh | to the right |
| Vasemmalle | VAH-sem-mal-leh | to the left |
| Suoraan | SWO-raan | straight ahead |
| Juna-asema | YOO-na-ah-seh-ma | the train station |
| Vessa | VES-sa | the bathroom |
| Paljonko se maksaa? | PAHL-yon-ko se MAHK-saa | How much is it? |
How the Finnish course is structured
The course has 12 short lessons that build on each other. Each one introduces a few new pieces and then asks you to construct sentences you have never seen, before revealing the answer:
- Greetings — Moi · Hyvää päivää · näkemiin
- Being polite — kiitos · ole hyvä · anteeksi · kyllä
- Numbers 1–10 — yksi · kaksi · kolme · kymmenen
- I want" — haluan — haluan · haluaisin · (minä)
- Food & drink — vesi · leipä · kahvi · tee
- Getting around — Missä on? · oikealle · vasemmalle · juna-asema
- Questions & "is there…?" — Mikä · Missä · Milloin · Onko
- Family & people — perhe · äiti · isä · ystävä
- Time, days & weather — tänään · huomenna · maanantai · sää
- Your name — Nimeni on Alex · Mikä sinun nimesi on?
- Health & emergency — Apua! · lääkäri · apteekki · en ymmärrä
- Tying it together — a capstone scene
Inside the lessons
Here is how a few of the lessons explain the language, with worked examples and the word-by-word breakdown the course uses.
Greetings
Key pieces: Moi · Hyvää päivää · näkemiin
Start with the word you'll say all day: Moi — hi (informal) and bye. Say it out loud.
- Moi (MOY) — hi / bye
- Hei (HAY) — hi
- Hyvää päivää (HEW-vaa PIE-vaa) — good day
- Hyvää huomenta (HEW-vaa HWO-men-tah) — good morning
- Hyvää iltaa (HEW-vaa EEL-tah) — good evening
- Näkemiin (NAK-eh-meen) — goodbye
To say “Good day, hello” in Finnish: Hyvää päivää, moi (HEW-vaa PIE-vaa, MOY). Built from hyvää päivää = good day; moi = hi.
To ask how someone is: Mitä kuuluu? (informal). The reply is Hyvää, kiitos — fine, thanks.
- Mitä kuuluu? (MEE-ta KOO-loo) — How are you?
- Hyvää, kiitos (HEW-vaa, KEE-tos) — Fine, thanks
- Entä sinä? (EN-ta SEE-na) — And you?
To say “Hi, how are you?” in Finnish: Moi, mitä kuuluu? (MOY, MEE-ta KOO-loo). Built from moi = hi; mitä kuuluu? = how are you?.
Being polite
Key pieces: kiitos · ole hyvä · anteeksi · kyllä
The politeness pair: kiitos (thank you) and ole hyvä (please / you're welcome). Both are everywhere.
- kiitos (KEE-tos) — thank you
- kiitos paljon (KEE-tos PAHL-yon) — thank you very much
- ole hyvä (OH-leh HEW-va) — please / you're welcome
- anteeksi (AHN-tehk-see) — excuse me / sorry
- kyllä (KEWL-la) — yes
- ei (AY) — no
To say “Thank you very much” in Finnish: Kiitos paljon (KEE-tos PAHL-yon). Built from kiitos = thank you; paljon = a lot.
anteeksi is your 'excuse me' and 'sorry' in one word — handy to get attention or apologise.
To say “Excuse me, please” in Finnish: Anteeksi, ole hyvä (AHN-tehk-see, OH-leh HEW-va). Built from anteeksi = excuse me; ole hyvä = please.
To say “Could I have the menu, please?” in Finnish: Saisinko ruokalistan, ole hyvä? (SAI-sin-ko RWO-ka-lees-tan, OH-leh HEW-va). Built from saisinko = could I get; ruokalistan = the menu; ole hyvä = please.
Numbers 1–10
Key pieces: yksi · kaksi · kolme · kymmenen
Numbers are the fastest win. Listen and repeat: yksi, kaksi, kolme .
- yksi (EWK-see) — 1
- kaksi (KAHK-see) — 2
- kolme (KOL-meh) — 3
- neljä (NEL-ya) — 4
- viisi (VEE-see) — 5
- kymmenen (KEWM-meh-nen) — 10
To say “Two coffees, please” in Finnish: Kaksi kahvia, ole hyvä (KAHK-see KAHV-ee-a, OH-leh HEW-va). Built from kaksi = two; kahvia = coffee; ole hyvä = please.
Paljonko se maksaa? = how much does it cost? A key phrase for shops and the market.
To say “How much is it?” in Finnish: Paljonko se maksaa? (PAHL-yon-ko se MAHK-saa). Built from paljonko = how much; maksaa = does it cost.
To say “It's five euros” in Finnish: Viisi euroa (VEE-see EH-oo-roh-a). Built from viisi = five; euroa = euros.
I want" — haluan
Key pieces: haluan · haluaisin · (minä)
The magic phrase to order anything: haluan — I want. Say it out loud.
Kinder is haluaisin — I would like. Pair it with what you want: Haluaisin kahvia .
To say “I want a coffee” in Finnish: Haluan kahvia (HAH-loo-an KAHV-ee-a). Built from haluan = I want; kahvia = coffee.
To say “I'd like a water” in Finnish: Haluaisin vettä (HAH-loo-ai-sin VET-ta). Built from haluaisin = I would like; vettä = water.
To ask for the bill, say Saisinko laskun? — could I get the bill?
To say “Could I get the bill?” in Finnish: Saisinko laskun? (SAI-sin-ko LAHS-koon). Built from saisinko = could I get; laskun = the bill.
Food & drink
Key pieces: vesi · leipä · kahvi · tee
Eating out? Key words: vesi (water), leipä (bread), kahvi (coffee).
- vesi (VEH-see) — water
- leipä (LAY-pa) — bread
- kahvi (KAHV-ee) — coffee Memory hook: ≈ English coffee (loan).
- tee (tay) — tea Memory hook: ≈ English tea (loan).
- olut (OH-loot) — beer
- ruokalista (RWO-ka-lees-ta) — the menu
- lasku (LAHS-koo) — the bill
To say “Water and bread, please” in Finnish: Vettä ja leipää, ole hyvä (VET-ta ya LAY-pa, OH-leh HEW-va). Built from vettä = water; ja = and; leipää = bread.
To say “I'd like a tea, please” in Finnish: Teetä, ole hyvä (TAY-ta, OH-leh HEW-va). Built from teetä = tea; ole hyvä = please.
Tosi hyvää! = really delicious. Say it and you'll make the cook smile.
To say “Delicious! Thank you!” in Finnish: Tosi hyvää! Kiitos! (TOH-see HEW-vaa, KEE-tos). Built from tosi hyvää = really delicious; kiitos = thank you.
Getting around
Key pieces: Missä on? · oikealle · vasemmalle · juna-asema
The most useful question in a new city: Missä on…? — where is…?
- Missä on...? (MEES-sa on) — Where is...?
- oikealle (OY-keh-al-leh) — to the right
- vasemmalle (VAH-sem-mal-leh) — to the left
- suoraan (SWO-raan) — straight ahead
- juna-asema (YOO-na-ah-seh-ma) — the train station
- vessa (VES-sa) — the bathroom
- taksi (TAHK-see) — taxi Memory hook: ≈ English taxi (loan).
- hotelli (hoh-TEL-lee) — the hotel Memory hook: ≈ English hotel (loan).
To say “Where is the train station?” in Finnish: Missä on juna-asema? (MEES-sa on YOO-na-ah-seh-ma). Built from missä = where; juna-asema = train station.
To say “Where is the bathroom?” in Finnish: Missä on vessa? (MEES-sa on VES-sa). Built from missä = where; vessa = bathroom.
oikealle (right) and vasemmalle (left) tell you which way. 'Straight ahead' is suoraan .
To say “Straight ahead” in Finnish: Suoraan (SWO-raan). Built from suoraan = straight ahead.
Questions & "is there…?"
Key pieces: Mikä · Missä · Milloin · Onko
Question words are short and memorable: Mikä? (what), Missä? (where), Milloin? (when).
- Mikä? (MEE-ka) — what?
- Missä? (MEES-sa) — where?
- Milloin? (MEEL-loin) — when?
- Kuka? (KOO-ka) — who?
Onko…? = is there…? / do you have…? A wonderfully useful little word for travel.
To say “Is there wifi?” in Finnish: Onko wifi? (ON-ko WEE-fee). Built from onko = is there; wifi = wifi.
Lost? Voitko auttaa? = can you help me?
To say “Can you help me?” in Finnish: Voitko auttaa? (VOYT-ko OWT-taa). Built from voitko = can you; auttaa = to help.
Family & people
Key pieces: perhe · äiti · isä · ystävä
Family words: perhe (family), äiti (mother), isä (father).
- perhe (PEHR-heh) — family
- äiti (AY-tee) — mother
- isä (EE-sa) — father
- ystävä (EWS-ta-va) — friend
- veli (VEH-lee) — brother
- sisko (SEES-ko) — sister
To say “I have a friend” in Finnish: Minulla on ystävä (MIN-ool-la on EWS-ta-va). Built from minulla on = I have; ystävä = friend.
Minulla on… = I have… (literally 'on me is'). It's how you say what you've got.
To say “I have a family” in Finnish: Minulla on perhe (MIN-ool-la on PEHR-heh). Built from minulla on = I have; perhe = family.
Time, days & weather
Key pieces: tänään · huomenna · maanantai · sää
Today is tänään , tomorrow is huomenna .
- tänään (TAN-an) — today
- huomenna (HWO-men-na) — tomorrow
- nyt (newt) — now
- maanantai (MAH-nan-tai) — Monday
- perjantai (PEHR-yan-tai) — Friday
To say “See you tomorrow” in Finnish: Nähdään huomenna (NAK-dan HWO-men-na). Built from nähdään = see you; huomenna = tomorrow.
Ask about the weather: Millainen sää on? ; 'It's raining' is sataa .
To say “It's raining” in Finnish: Sataa (SAH-taa). Built from sataa = it rains.
Your name
Key pieces: Nimeni on Alex · Mikä sinun nimesi on?
Introduce yourself: Nimeni on… = my name is…, and Hauska tavata = pleased to meet you.
To say “My name is Alex” in Finnish: Nimeni on Alex (NEE-meh-nee on Alex). Built from nimeni on = my name is; Alex = your name.
To ask someone's name: Mikä sinun nimesi on? (informal).
To say “What's your name?” in Finnish: Mikä sinun nimesi on? (MEE-ka SEE-noon NEE-meh-see on). Built from mikä = what; sinun nimesi = your name.
To say “Pleased to meet you” in Finnish: Hauska tavata (HOWS-ka TAH-va-ta). Built from hauska tavata = nice to meet you.
Health & emergency
Key pieces: Apua! · lääkäri · apteekki · en ymmärrä
The most important words if you need help: Apua! (help), lääkäri (doctor), apteekki (pharmacy).
- Apua! (AH-poo-a) — help!
- lääkäri (LAK-ka-ree) — the doctor
- apteekki (AHP-tehk-kee) — the pharmacy
- En ymmärrä (en EWM-mar-ra) — I don't understand
- En puhu suomea (en POO-hoo SWO-meh-a) — I don't speak Finnish
To say “Help!” in Finnish: Apua! (AH-poo-a). Built from apua = help.
To say “I don't understand” in Finnish: En ymmärrä (en EWM-mar-ra). Built from en = I don't; ymmärrä = understand.
To say you need help: Tarvitsen apua .
To say “I need help” in Finnish: Tarvitsen apua (TAR-vit-sen AH-poo-a). Built from tarvitsen = I need; apua = help.
Tying it together
Key pieces: a capstone scene
Great — you've built a real toolbox. This capstone uses only words you've met. Build each line yourself before revealing.
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Finnish: Moi, mitä kuuluu? (MOY, MEE-ta KOO-loo). Built from moi = hi; mitä kuuluu? = how are you?.
To say “I'd like a water, please” in Finnish: Haluaisin vettä, ole hyvä (HAH-loo-ai-sin VET-ta, OH-leh HEW-va). Built from haluaisin = I would like; vettä = water; ole hyvä = please.
To say “Where is the train station?” in Finnish: Missä on juna-asema? (MEES-sa on YOO-na-ah-seh-ma). Built from missä on = where is; juna-asema = train station.
To say “How much is it?” in Finnish: Paljonko se maksaa? (PAHL-yon-ko se MAHK-saa). Built from paljonko se maksaa? = how much is it?.
Culture and etiquette
Sauna is a national ritual
Finland has more saunas than cars. It's a place to relax, not just to sweat — often followed by a cool dip or a roll in the snow. In homes and hotels alike, it's a warm, welcoming ritual. The word sauna itself comes from Finnish.
Sisu — the Finnish spirit
Sisu can't be translated in one word: it's grit, courage and stubborn resilience through hardship. It's a national character trait. When things get hard, Finns lean on sisu.
A Uralic island
Finland is a Nordic country, but its language is Uralic — a cousin of Hungarian and Estonian, with no links to the Germanic or Slavic tongues around it. You won't find familiar cognates, so learn words on their own terms.
Coffee is life
Finns are among the world's biggest coffee drinkers per person. The short break at work is called a kahvitauko (coffee break) — coffee and a cinnamon-bun-like pulla are part of the daily rhythm.
The right to roam
Finland's jokamiehenoikeus (everyman's right) lets you walk, camp and pick berries and mushrooms freely on most land — a deep respect for nature that everyone shares and preserves.
A little Suomi goes far
Finns are famously delighted when a visitor tries the language. A single Moi or kiitos can light up a whole shop or café — the effort means more than perfect pronunciation.
Example dialogues
At a café
You: Hei! Yksi kahvi, ole hyvä. (HAY, EWK-see KAHV-ee, OH-leh HEW-va) — Hi! One coffee, please.
Barista: Tähän vai mukaan? (TA-han vai MOO-kan) — For here or to go?
You: Mukaan, kiitos. (MOO-kan, KEE-tos) — To go, thanks.
Barista: Ole hyvä. Se maksaa neljä euroa. (OH-leh HEW-va, se MAHK-saa NEL-ya EH-oo-roh-a) — Here you are. That's four euros.
You: Kiitos paljon! (KEE-tos PAHL-yon) — Thanks a lot!
Bus & train
You: Anteeksi, missä on juna-asema? (AHN-tehk-see, MEES-sa on YOO-na-ah-seh-ma) — Excuse me, where's the train station?
Local: Se on tuolla, oikealla. (se on TYOL-la, OY-keh-al-la) — It's over there, on the right.
You: Kiitos. Yksi lippu Helsinkiin, ole hyvä. (KEE-tos, EWK-see LEEP-poo HEL-seen-keen, OH-leh HEW-va) — Thanks. One ticket to Helsinki, please.
Ticket: Viisi euroa. Juna lähtee kello yhdeksän. (VEE-see EH-oo-roh-a, YOO-na LAK-tee KEL-lo EWH-dek-san) — Five euros. The train leaves at nine.
At a restaurant
Waiter: Hyvää iltaa! Onko teillä varaus? (HEW-vaa EEL-tah, ON-ko TAYL-la VAH-rows) — Good evening! Do you have a reservation?
You: Kyllä, kahdelle. (KEWL-la, KAHD-deh-leh) — Yes, for two.
You: Ruokalista, ole hyvä. (RWO-ka-lees-ta, OH-leh HEW-va) — The menu, please.
You: Haluaisin lohta ja perunoita. (HAH-loo-ai-sin LOH-ta ya PEH-roo-noy-ta) — I'd like the salmon and potatoes.
Waiter: Hyvä valinta! Hyvää ruokahalua. (HEW-va VAH-lin-ta, HEW-vaa RWO-ka-HA-loo-a) — Good choice! Enjoy your meal.
Written by the LanguagePath editorial team from our own course material. Pronunciation guides are approximate English respellings; tap any phrase in the app above to hear it. Native-speaker review of every course is ongoing — tell us if you spot an error.