Learning Indonesian: a practical guide
This is a written companion to the free Indonesian course on LanguagePath: what the language is like, how it sounds, the phrases you will use first, how the course is structured, and what to watch out for. Everything here comes from the same lessons you can practise interactively above.
What Indonesian is like
Indonesian is wonderfully regular: no tenses, no plurals, and no articles ever change a word. saya = I, kamu = you, dia = he/she — one word does the work of the past, present and future. Time comes from context words like besok (tomorrow) and sudah (already). Word order is subject-verb-object, exactly like English: saya mau kopi = I want coffee. To make a question, just add apakah at the start.
Words you may already know
Pronunciation notes
Indonesian is phonetic — every letter is always said the same way. Learn these and you can read any word aloud.
- c — always "ch" as in church, as in cinta = CHIN-tah · cari = CHAH-ree.
- j — always "j" as in jam (never a "y"), as in jalan = JAH-lan.
- ng — "ng" as in sing — never a hard "g", as in makan = MAH-kahn · tinggal = TING-gahl.
- ny — "ny" as in canyon, as in banyak = BAH-nyahk.
- e — often a relaxed "uh" (schwa); sometimes "eh", as in empat = uhm-PAHT · enak = uh-NAHK.
- r — a light tapped r, closer to Spanish, as in rusa = ROO-sah.
- h — always sounded — even at the start of a word, as in hari = HAH-ree.
First phrases
The pocket phrases below are the ones learners reach for most often. Say each one out loud a few times before moving on.
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Halo | HAH-loh | Hello |
| Selamat pagi | suh-LAH-maht PAH-gee | Good morning |
| Selamat malam | suh-LAH-maht MAH-lahm | Good evening |
| Apa kabar? | AH-pah KAH-bahr | How are you? |
| Sampai jumpa | SAHM-pai JOOM-pah | See you |
| Terima kasih | tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh | Thank you |
| Terima kasih banyak | tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh BAH-nyahk | Thanks a lot |
| Sama-sama | SAH-mah SAH-mah | You're welcome |
| Tolong | TOH-long | Please / help |
| Maaf | MAH-ahf | Sorry / excuse me |
| Ya | yah | Yes |
| Tidak | tee-DAHK | No |
| Satu | SAH-too | 1 |
| Dua | DOO-ah | 2 |
| Tiga | TEE-gah | 3 |
| Makan | MAH-kahn | to eat / food |
| Minum | MEE-noom | to drink |
| Nasi | NAH-see | rice |
| Air | AH-eer | water |
| Kopi | KOH-pee | coffee |
| Di mana...? | dee MAH-nah | Where is...? |
| Kiri | KEE-ree | left |
| Kanan | KAH-nahn | right |
| Lurus | LOO-roos | straight ahead |
| Stasiun | stah-see-OON | the station |
| Berapa harganya? | buh-RAH-pah hahr-GAH-nyah | How much is it? |
| Mahal | MAH-hahl | expensive |
| Saya beli | SAH-yah buh-LEE | I'll take it |
| Tolong! | TOH-long | Help! |
| Sakit | SAH-keet | sick |
How the Indonesian course is structured
The course has 16 short lessons that build on each other. Each one introduces a few new pieces and then asks you to construct sentences you have never seen, before revealing the answer:
- Greetings — halo · selamat pagi · selamat malam · apa kabar
- Being polite — terima kasih · tolong · maaf · sama-sama
- Numbers 1–10 — satu · dua · tiga · sepuluh · berapa
- I want" — mau — saya mau · mau · kopi · air
- Food & drink — makan · minum · nasi · ayam
- Getting around — di mana · kiri · kanan · lurus
- Questions & "do you have…?" — ada · apakah ada · kamar
- Family & people — keluarga · ayah · ibu · teman
- Time, days & weather — hari ini · besok · kemarin · cuaca
- Introducing yourself — nama saya · siapa nama kamu · senang bertemu
- Help & health — tolong! · dokter · sakit · saya tidak mengerti
- Tying it together — mau · ada · di mana · berapa
- Airport & tickets — bandara · paspor · tiket · gerbang
- The taxi — taksi · mau ke · hotel · berhenti
- The hotel — reservasi · kamar · kunci · malam
- Ask for help — saya tidak mengerti · pelan-pelan · bahasa Inggris
Inside the lessons
Here is how a few of the lessons explain the language, with worked examples and the word-by-word breakdown the course uses.
Greetings
Key pieces: halo · selamat pagi · selamat malam · apa kabar
We'll start with the word you'll use most: halo — hello (and hi). Say it out loud.
- halo (HAH-loh) — hello / hi Memory hook: ≈ English hello.
- selamat pagi (suh-LAH-maht PAH-gee) — good morning
- selamat malam (suh-LAH-maht MAH-lahm) — good evening / night
- selamat tinggal (suh-LAH-maht TING-gahl) — goodbye
To say “Hello” in Indonesian: Halo (HAH-loh). Built from halo = hello.
To ask how someone is: Apa kabar? The reply is baik, terima kasih — well, thanks.
- Apa kabar? (AH-pah KAH-bahr) — How are you?
- Baik, terima kasih (bah-EEK, tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh) — Well, thanks
- Baik-baik saja (bah-EEK bah-EEK SAH-jah) — Just fine
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Indonesian: Halo, apa kabar? (HAH-loh, AH-pah KAH-bahr). Built from halo = hello; apa kabar? = how are you?.
Being polite
Key pieces: terima kasih · tolong · maaf · sama-sama
The most important words for any trip: terima kasih — thank you.
- terima kasih (tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh) — thank you
- terima kasih banyak (tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh BAH-nyahk) — thanks a lot
- sama-sama (SAH-mah SAH-mah) — you're welcome
- tolong (TOH-long) — please / help
- maaf (MAH-ahf) — sorry / excuse me
To say “Thank you” in Indonesian: Terima kasih (tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh). Built from terima kasih = thank you.
Tolong means please, but it also means help — shout Tolong! if you need a hand.
- ya (yah) — yes
- tidak (tee-DAHK) — no / not
To say “Please help me” in Indonesian: Tolong bantu saya (TOH-long BAHN-too SAH-yah). Built from tolong = please / help; bantu = to help; saya = me.
Numbers 1–10
Key pieces: satu · dua · tiga · sepuluh · berapa
Numbers are the fastest win. Listen and repeat: satu, dua, tiga .
- satu (SAH-too) — 1
- dua (DOO-ah) — 2
- tiga (TEE-gah) — 3
- empat (uhm-PAHT) — 4
- lima (LEE-mah) — 5
- sepuluh (suh-POO-looh) — 10
To say “Two coffees, please” in Indonesian: Dua kopi, tolong (DOO-ah KOH-pee, TOH-long). Built from dua = two; kopi = coffee; tolong = please.
To ask a price: Berapa? — how much? It's the key word for shopping.
To say “How much is it?” in Indonesian: Berapa harganya? (buh-RAH-pah hahr-GAH-nyah). Built from berapa = how much; harganya = its price.
I want" — mau
Key pieces: saya mau · mau · kopi · air
The magic phrase to order anything: saya mau — I want.
Mau on its own means "want". No endings, no tense changes — it never changes.
To say “I want a coffee” in Indonesian: Saya mau kopi (SAH-yah mow KOH-pee). Built from saya = I; mau = want; kopi = coffee. ≈ English coffee.
- kopi (KOH-pee) — coffee Memory hook: ≈ English coffee.
- air (AH-eer) — water
- nasi (NAH-see) — rice
- teh (teh) — tea Memory hook: ≈ English tea.
To say “I want water” in Indonesian: Saya mau air (SAH-yah mow AH-eer). Built from saya = I; mau = want; air = water.
Food & drink
Key pieces: makan · minum · nasi · ayam
Eating out? Key words: makan (to eat), minum (to drink).
- makan (MAH-kahn) — to eat / food
- minum (MEE-noom) — to drink
- nasi (NAH-see) — rice
- ayam (AH-yahm) — chicken
- air (AH-eer) — water
To say “I want to eat” in Indonesian: Saya mau makan (SAH-yah mow MAH-kahn). Built from saya = I; mau = want; makan = to eat.
To say “I want to drink water” in Indonesian: Saya mau minum air (SAH-yah mow MEE-noom AH-eer). Built from saya = I; mau = want; minum = to drink; air = water.
Enak! = delicious. Say it and the cook will love you.
To say “It's delicious!” in Indonesian: Enak! (uh-NAHK). Built from enak = delicious.
Getting around
Key pieces: di mana · kiri · kanan · lurus
The most useful question anywhere: Di mana…? — where is…?
- Di mana...? (dee MAH-nah) — Where is...?
- kiri (KEE-ree) — left
- kanan (KAH-nahn) — right
- lurus (LOO-roos) — straight ahead
- stasiun (stah-see-OON) — the station Memory hook: ≈ English station.
To say “Where is the station?” in Indonesian: Di mana stasiun? (dee MAH-nah stah-see-OON). Built from di mana = where; stasiun = the station. ≈ English station.
Belok kiri = turn left, belok kanan = turn right.
To say “Turn left” in Indonesian: Belok kiri (buh-LOHK KEE-ree). Built from belok = to turn; kiri = left.
Questions & "do you have…?"
Key pieces: ada · apakah ada · kamar
Ada means "there is / have". Add a question word: Apakah ada…? = is there…? / do you have…?
Apakah turns any statement into a yes/no question. Apakah ada kamar? = is there a room?
To say “Is there water?” in Indonesian: Apakah ada air? (ah-PAH-kah AH-dah AH-eer). Built from apakah = question word; ada = there is; air = water.
- kamar (KAH-mahr) — room
- makanan (mah-KAH-nahn) — food
- minuman (mee-NOO-mahn) — drinks
- tidak ada (tee-DAHK AH-dah) — there is not / none
To say “Do you have a room?” in Indonesian: Apakah ada kamar? (ah-PAH-kah AH-dah KAH-mahr). Built from apakah = do (question); ada = have / there is; kamar = room.
Family & people
Key pieces: keluarga · ayah · ibu · teman
Family words: keluarga (family), ayah (father), ibu (mother).
- keluarga (kuh-loo-AHR-gah) — family
- ayah (AH-yah) — father
- ibu (EE-boo) — mother
- anak (AH-nahk) — child
- teman (tuh-MAHN) — friend
To say “I have a friend” in Indonesian: Saya punya teman (SAH-yah POO-nyah tuh-MAHN). Built from saya = I; punya = have / own; teman = friend.
Punya = to have / own. Saya punya = I have.
To say “This is my mother” in Indonesian: Ini ibu saya (EE-nee EE-boo SAH-yah). Built from ini = this; ibu = mother; saya = my.
Time, days & weather
Key pieces: hari ini · besok · kemarin · cuaca
Today is hari ini , tomorrow is besok , yesterday is kemarin .
- hari ini (HAH-ree EE-nee) — today
- besok (buh-SOHK) — tomorrow
- kemarin (kuh-MAH-reen) — yesterday
- hari (HAH-ree) — day
- cuaca (choo-AH-chah) — weather
- hujan (HOO-jahn) — rain
To say “See you tomorrow” in Indonesian: Sampai jumpa besok (SAHM-pai JOOM-pah buh-SOHK). Built from sampai jumpa = see you; besok = tomorrow.
Ask about the weather: Bagaimana cuacanya?
To say “It's raining” in Indonesian: Hujan (HOO-jahn). Built from hujan = rain / it rains.
Introducing yourself
Key pieces: nama saya · siapa nama kamu · senang bertemu
Introduce yourself: Nama saya… = my name is…, and Senang bertemu = pleased to meet you.
To say “My name is Alex” in Indonesian: Nama saya Alex (NAH-mah SAH-yah Alex). Built from nama = name; saya = my; Alex = your name.
To ask someone's name: Siapa nama kamu?
To say “What's your name?” in Indonesian: Siapa nama kamu? (see-AH-pah NAH-mah KAH-moo). Built from siapa = who; nama = name; kamu = you.
To say “Pleased to meet you” in Indonesian: Senang bertemu (suh-NAHNG buhr-TUH-moo). Built from senang = glad / happy; bertemu = to meet.
Help & health
Key pieces: tolong! · dokter · sakit · saya tidak mengerti
If you need help: Tolong! (help!), dokter (doctor), apotek (pharmacy).
- Tolong! (TOH-long) — Help!
- dokter (DOHK-tehr) — doctor Memory hook: ≈ English doctor.
- rumah sakit (ROO-mah SAH-keet) — hospital
- apotek (ah-POH-tehk) — pharmacy Memory hook: ≈ Dutch apotheek.
- sakit (SAH-keet) — sick / painful
To say “I need help” in Indonesian: Saya butuh bantuan (SAH-yah BOO-tooh bahn-TOO-ahn). Built from saya = I; butuh = need; bantuan = help / assistance.
To say you don't understand: Saya tidak mengerti .
To say “I don't understand” in Indonesian: Saya tidak mengerti (SAH-yah tee-DAHK muhng-uhr-TEE). Built from saya = I; tidak = not; mengerti = understand.
Tying it together
Key pieces: mau · ada · di mana · berapa
Great — you've built a real toolbox. This capstone uses only words you've met. Build each line yourself before revealing.
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Indonesian: Halo, apa kabar? (HAH-loh, AH-pah KAH-bahr). Built from halo = hello; apa kabar? = how are you?.
To say “I'd like a coffee, please” in Indonesian: Saya mau kopi, tolong (SAH-yah mow KOH-pee, TOH-long). Built from saya mau = I want; kopi = coffee; tolong = please.
To say “Where is the station?” in Indonesian: Di mana stasiun? (dee MAH-nah stah-see-OON). Built from di mana = where; stasiun = the station.
To say “How much is it?” in Indonesian: Berapa harganya? (buh-RAH-pah hahr-GAH-nyah). Built from berapa harganya? = how much is it?.
Airport & tickets
Key pieces: bandara · paspor · tiket · gerbang
You have landed. The building is the bandara . Your document is a paspor .
- bandara (bahn-DAH-rah) — airport
- paspor (PAS-por) — passport
- tiket (TEE-ket) — ticket
- pesawat (puh-SAH-waht) — flight / plane
- gerbang (guhr-BAHNG) — gate
To say “Where is the airport?” in Indonesian: Di mana bandara? (dee MAH-nah bahn-DAH-rah). Built from di mana = where; bandara = airport.
To say “Here is my passport” in Indonesian: Ini paspor saya (EE-nee PAS-por SAH-yah). Built from ini = this; paspor = passport; saya = my.
To say “A ticket, please” in Indonesian: Satu tiket, tolong (SAH-too TEE-ket, TOH-long). Built from satu tiket = one ticket; tolong = please.
To say “Where is the gate?” in Indonesian: Di mana gerbang? (dee MAH-nah guhr-BAHNG). Built from di mana = where; gerbang = gate.
The taxi
Key pieces: taksi · mau ke · hotel · berhenti
The driver is waiting. Taksi is taxi. Tell them where to go with saya mau ke .
- taksi (TAHK-see) — taxi
- sopir (SOH-peer) — driver
- saya mau ke (SAH-yah mow kuh) — I want to go to
- berhenti di sini (buhr-HEN-tee dee SEE-nee) — stop here
To say “Taxi, please” in Indonesian: Taksi, tolong (TAHK-see, TOH-long). Built from taksi = taxi; tolong = please.
To say “I want to go to the hotel” in Indonesian: Saya mau ke hotel (SAH-yah mow kuh ho-TEL). Built from saya mau ke = I want to go to; hotel = hotel.
To say “Stop here, please” in Indonesian: Berhenti di sini, tolong (buhr-HEN-tee dee SEE-nee, TOH-long). Built from berhenti = stop; di sini = here; tolong = please.
To say “How much is it?” in Indonesian: Berapa harganya? (buh-RAH-pah hahr-GAH-nyah). Built from berapa = how much; harganya = its price.
The hotel
Key pieces: reservasi · kamar · kunci · malam
At the desk: saya punya reservasi — I have a reservation.
- hotel (ho-TEL) — hotel
- reservasi (reh-sehr-VAH-see) — reservation
- kamar (KAH-mahr) — room
- kunci (KOON-chee) — key
- satu malam (SAH-too MAH-lahm) — one night
To say “I have a reservation” in Indonesian: Saya punya reservasi (SAH-yah POO-nyah reh-sehr-VAH-see). Built from saya punya = I have; reservasi = reservation.
To say “A room for one night, please” in Indonesian: Kamar untuk satu malam, tolong (KAH-mahr OON-took SAH-too MAH-lahm, TOH-long). Built from kamar = room; untuk satu malam = for one night; tolong = please.
To say “The key, please” in Indonesian: Kuncinya, tolong (KOON-chee-nyah, TOH-long). Built from kuncinya = the key; tolong = please.
To say “Where is my room?” in Indonesian: Di mana kamar saya? (dee MAH-nah KAH-mahr SAH-yah). Built from di mana = where; kamar saya = my room.
Ask for help
Key pieces: saya tidak mengerti · pelan-pelan · bahasa Inggris
When the language is too fast: Pelan-pelan, tolong — slower, please.
- pelan-pelan (puh-LAHN puh-LAHN) — slower
- lagi (LAH-gee) — again
- bahasa Inggris (bah-HAH-sah ING-gris) — English
- bisa bantu? (BEE-sah BAHN-too) — can you help?
To say “I don't understand” in Indonesian: Saya tidak mengerti (SAH-yah tee-DAHK muhng-uhr-TEE). Built from saya = I; tidak = not; mengerti = understand.
To say “Slower, please” in Indonesian: Pelan-pelan, tolong (puh-LAHN puh-LAHN, TOH-long). Built from pelan-pelan = slower; tolong = please.
To say “Can you help me?” in Indonesian: Bisa bantu saya? (BEE-sah BAHN-too SAH-yah). Built from bisa = can; bantu = help; saya = me.
To say “Do you speak English?” in Indonesian: Apakah Anda bisa bahasa Inggris? (ah-PAH-kah AHN-dah BEE-sah bah-HAH-sah ING-gris). Built from apakah Anda bisa = can you; bahasa Inggris = English.
Culture and etiquette
Coffee is a daily ritual
A kopi tubruk (a strong, unfiltered black coffee) is part of everyday life — often from a humble roadside warung where you sit, sip, and chat. Coffee is served sweet and strong; asking for 'kopi susu' gets you coffee with milk.
Traffic and the ojek
Motorbike taxis (ojek) weave through traffic in most cities, and apps like Gojek and Grab make ordering one easy. On long rides, drivers are as friendly as they are fast.
Respectful words for people
Address older men as 'Pak' (Sir) and older women as 'Bu' (Ma'am) — it's a simple sign of respect. A light touch when handing someone something shows good manners.
Rice is the center of a meal
Nasi (rice) is the anchor of almost every plate, in dishes like nasi goreng (fried rice) and nasi ayam (chicken rice). Many people eat with their right hand, using the fingertips to gently mix the food.
Smiling softens everything
Indonesian culture values friendliness and a gentle tone. A warm smile and a polite 'maaf' (sorry) go a very long way — and a direct 'no' is often softened, so watch for a polite hesitation.
A little goes a long way
A cheerful 'selamat pagi' and 'terima kasih' open every door. Indonesians light up when visitors try the language — effort matters far more than perfection.
Example dialogues
At a warung (café)
You: Selamat pagi! Satu kopi, tolong. (suh-LAH-maht PAH-gee, SAH-too KOH-pee, TOH-long) — Good morning! One coffee, please.
Seller: Satu kopi. Mau makan juga? (SAH-too KOH-pee, mow MAH-kahn JOO-gah) — One coffee. Want to eat too?
You: Tidak, terima kasih. Ada roti? (tee-DAHK, tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh, AH-dah ROH-tee) — No, thanks. Do you have bread?
Seller: Ada. Itu sepuluh ribu. (AH-dah, EE-too suh-POO-looh REE-boo) — Yes. That's ten thousand.
You: Terima kasih banyak! (tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh BAH-nyahk) — Thanks a lot!
At the station
You: Permisi, di mana stasiun? (puhr-MEE-see, dee MAH-nah stah-see-OON) — Excuse me, where is the station?
Local: Lurus, lalu belok kanan. (LOO-roos, LAH-loo buh-LOHK KAH-nahn) — Straight, then turn right.
You: Terima kasih. Satu tiket ke Jakarta, tolong. (tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh, SAH-too tee-KET kuh jah-KAHR-tah, TOH-long) — Thanks. One ticket to Jakarta, please.
Ticket: Dua puluh ribu rupiah. Kereta jam sembilan. (DOO-ah POO-looh REE-boo roo-PEE-ah, kuh-REH-tah jahm suhm-BEE-lahn) — Twenty thousand rupiah. The train is at nine.
At a restaurant
Waiter: Selamat malam! Mau pesan? (suh-LAH-maht MAH-lahm, mow puh-SAHN) — Good evening! Want to order?
You: Satu nasi ayam, tolong. (SAH-too NAH-see AH-yahm, TOH-long) — One chicken rice, please.
Waiter: Mau minum? (mow MEE-noom) — Want to drink?
You: Satu teh panas, terima kasih. (SAH-too teh PAH-nahs, tuh-REE-mah KAH-seeh) — One hot tea, thank you.
Waiter: Baik, tunggu sebentar. (bah-EEK, TOONG-goo suh-BEHN-tahr) — OK, wait a moment.
Written by the LanguagePath editorial team from our own course material. Pronunciation guides are approximate English respellings; tap any phrase in the app above to hear it. Native-speaker review of every course is ongoing — tell us if you spot an error.