Learning Italian: a practical guide
This is a written companion to the free Italian course on LanguagePath: what the language is like, how it sounds, the phrases you will use first, how the course is structured, and what to watch out for. Everything here comes from the same lessons you can practise interactively above.
What Italian is like
Italian is very regular to spell: every vowel is pure and each letter is said the way it is written. c before e/i is 'ch' as in ciao; g before e/i is 'j' as in gelato. Double consonants are held longer: pizza.
Words you may already know
Pronunciation notes
Italian is nearly phonetic — every letter is pronounced. Learn these and you can read any word aloud.
- c — before e/i = "ch" as in church; else "k", as in ciao = CHOW · casa = KAH-zah.
- g — before e/i = "j" as in gelato; else hard "g", as in gelato = jeh-LAH-toh.
- gn — like "ny" in canyon, as in gnocchi = NYOK-kee.
- gl — like "ly" in million (before i), as in famiglia = fah-MEE-lyah.
- ch — "k" sound, as in che = keh.
- zi — "tsi" sound, as in grazie = GRAH-tsyeh.
- r — rolled r, as in Roma = ROH-mah.
- sc — before e/i = "sh", as in scena = SHEH-nah.
First phrases
The pocket phrases below are the ones learners reach for most often. Say each one out loud a few times before moving on.
| Italian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ciao | CHOW | Hello |
| Buongiorno | bwon-JOR-noh | Good morning |
| Buonasera | bwoh-nah-SEH-rah | Good evening |
| Arrivederci | ah-ree-veh-DEHR-chee | Goodbye |
| Come stai? | KOH-meh STAI | How are you? |
| Bene, grazie | BEH-neh, GRAH-tsyeh | Well, thanks |
| Per favore | pehr fah-VOH-reh | Please |
| Grazie | GRAH-tsyeh | Thank you |
| Grazie mille | GRAH-tsyeh MEE-leh | Thanks a lot |
| Prego | PREH-goh | You're welcome |
| Scusa | SKOO-zah | Sorry |
| Sì | see | Yes |
| No | noh | No |
| Uno | OO-noh | 1 |
| Due | DOO-eh | 2 |
| Tre | treh | 3 |
| Quattro | KWAH-troh | 4 |
| Cinque | CHEEN-kweh | 5 |
| Dieci | DYEH-chee | 10 |
| Acqua | AH-kwah | water |
| Pane | PAH-neh | bread |
| Vino | VEE-noh | wine |
| Caffè | kahf-FEH | coffee |
| Il conto | eel KON-toh | the bill |
| Dov'è...? | doh-VEH | Where is...? |
| A destra | ah DEH-strah | to the right |
| A sinistra | ah see-NEE-strah | to the left |
| La stazione | lah staht-SYOH-neh | the station |
| Quanto costa? | KWAN-toh KOS-tah | how much is it? |
| Il bagno | eel BAH-nyoh | the bathroom |
How the Italian course is structured
The course has 16 short lessons that build on each other. Each one introduces a few new pieces and then asks you to construct sentences you have never seen, before revealing the answer:
- Greetings & being polite — ciao · buongiorno · grazie · prego
- Numbers 1–10 — uno · due · tre · dieci
- I want" — the verb volere — vorrei · un/una · il/la
- Food & drink — acqua · pane · vino · il menu
- Getting around — dov'è · a destra · a sinistra · stazione
- Questions & "do you have…?" — hai · c'è · posso
- Family & people — famiglia · madre · padre · amico
- Time, days & weather — oggi · domani · che tempo fa?
- Small talk & politeness — mi chiamo · piacere · molto lieto
- Health & emergency — aiuto · dottore · farmacia · non capisco
- Describing things — bello · grande · piccolo · molto
- Tying it together — volere · potere · a capstone scene
- Airport & tickets — aeroporto · passaporto · biglietto · gate
- The taxi — taxi · andare · hotel · si fermi
- The hotel — prenotazione · camera · chiave · notte
- Ask for help — non capisco · più piano · inglese
Inside the lessons
Here is how a few of the lessons explain the language, with worked examples and the word-by-word breakdown the course uses.
Greetings & being polite
Key pieces: ciao · buongiorno · grazie · prego
Let's start with the very first word you'll use: ciao — hello (and goodbye). Say it out loud.
- ciao (CHOW) — hi / bye
- buongiorno (bwon-JOR-noh) — good morning
- buonasera (bwoh-nah-SEH-rah) — good evening
- grazie (GRAH-tsyeh) — thank you
- prego (PREH-goh) — you're welcome / please
To say “Hello, thank you” in Italian: Ciao, grazie (CHOW, GRAH-tsyeh). Built from ciao = hello; grazie = thank you.
Two more essentials: per favore (please) and scusa (sorry).
To say “A coffee, please” in Italian: Un caffè, per favore (oon kahf-FEH, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from un = a; caffè = coffee; per favore = please.
To ask how someone is: Come stai? (informal). The reply is bene, grazie — well, thanks.
- Come stai? (KOH-meh STAI) — How are you?
- Bene, grazie (BEH-neh, GRAH-tsyeh) — Well, thanks
- Non c'è male (non cheh MAH-leh) — Not bad
To say “Hi, how are you?” in Italian: Ciao, come stai? (CHOW, KOH-meh STAI). Built from ciao = hi; come stai? = how are you?.
Numbers 1–10
Key pieces: uno · due · tre · dieci
Numbers are the fastest win. Listen and repeat: uno, due, tre .
- uno (OO-noh) — 1
- due (DOO-eh) — 2
- tre (treh) — 3
- quattro (KWAH-troh) — 4
- cinque (CHEEN-kweh) — 5
- dieci (DYEH-chee) — 10
To say “Two coffees, please” in Italian: Due caffè, per favore (DOO-eh kahf-FEH, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from due = two; caffè = coffee; per favore = please.
Quanto costa? = how much does it cost? A key phrase for shopping.
To say “How much is it?” in Italian: Quanto costa? (KWAN-toh KOS-tah). Built from quanto = how much; costa = does it cost.
To say “It's five euros” in Italian: Cinque euro (CHEEN-kweh EH-oo-roh). Built from cinque = five; euro = euros.
I want" — the verb volere
Key pieces: vorrei · un/una · il/la
The magic phrase to order anything: vorrei — I would like. More polite than 'I want'.
un is 'a' for masculine nouns, una for feminine. caffè is masculine → un caffè.
To say “I'd like a coffee” in Italian: Vorrei un caffè (vor-RAY oon kahf-FEH). Built from vorrei = I'd like; un caffè = a coffee.
To say “I'd like a water” in Italian: Vorrei un'acqua (vor-RAY oon-AH-kwah). Built from vorrei = I'd like; un'acqua = a water.
il = the (masculine), la = the (feminine). il conto = the bill.
To say “I'd like the bill” in Italian: Vorrei il conto (vor-RAY eel KON-toh). Built from vorrei = I'd like; il conto = the bill.
Food & drink
Key pieces: acqua · pane · vino · il menu
Eating out? Key words: acqua (water), pane (bread), vino (wine).
- acqua (AH-kwah) — water
- pane (PAH-neh) — bread
- vino (VEE-noh) — wine
- il menu (eel meh-NOO) — the menu Memory hook: ≈ English menu.
- il conto (eel KON-toh) — the bill
To say “Water and bread, please” in Italian: Acqua e pane, per favore (AH-kwah eh PAH-neh, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from acqua = water; e = and; pane = bread.
To say “I'd like the menu” in Italian: Vorrei il menu (vor-RAY eel meh-NOO). Built from vorrei = I'd like; il menu = the menu.
buonissimo = delicious. Say it and you'll make the chef's day.
To say “It's delicious!” in Italian: Buonissimo! (bwoh-nee-SEE-moh). Built from buonissimo = very delicious.
Getting around
Key pieces: dov'è · a destra · a sinistra · stazione
The most useful question in any city: Dov'è…? — where is…?
- Dov'è...? (doh-VEH) — Where is...?
- a destra (ah DEH-strah) — to the right
- a sinistra (ah see-NEE-strah) — to the left
- la stazione (lah staht-SYOH-neh) — the station Memory hook: ≈ English station.
- il bagno (eel BAH-nyoh) — the bathroom
To say “Where is the station?” in Italian: Dov'è la stazione? (doh-VEH lah staht-SYOH-neh). Built from dov'è = where is; la stazione = the station.
To say “Where is the bathroom?” in Italian: Dov'è il bagno? (doh-VEH eel BAH-nyoh). Built from dov'è = where is; il bagno = the bathroom.
A destra and a sinistra tell you which way to turn. 'Straight ahead' is sempre dritto .
To say “Straight ahead” in Italian: Sempre dritto (SEM-preh DREE-toh). Built from sempre = always; dritto = straight.
Questions & "do you have…?"
Key pieces: hai · c'è · posso
To ask someone if they have something: hai…? (informal) or ha…? (formal).
To say “Do you have a table?” in Italian: Avete un tavolo? (ah-VEH-teh oon TAH-voh-loh). Built from avete = do you have; un tavolo = a table.
C'è…? = is there…? Very useful.
To say “Is there wifi?” in Italian: C'è il wifi? (cheh eel WEE-fee). Built from c'è = is there; il wifi = the wifi.
Posso…? = may I…?. For polite requests.
To say “May I pay?” in Italian: Posso pagare? (POS-soh pah-GAH-reh). Built from posso = may I; pagare = to pay.
Family & people
Key pieces: famiglia · madre · padre · amico
Family words: famiglia (family), madre (mother), padre (father).
- famiglia (fah-MEE-lyah) — family
- madre (MAH-dreh) — mother
- padre (PAH-dreh) — father
- amico (ah-MEE-koh) — friend
To say “I have a friend” in Italian: Ho un amico (oh oon ah-MEE-koh). Built from ho = I have; un amico = a friend.
Ho = I have. It's the key verb to say what you've got.
To say “I have a family” in Italian: Ho una famiglia (oh OO-nah fah-MEE-lyah). Built from ho = I have; una famiglia = a family.
Time, days & weather
Key pieces: oggi · domani · che tempo fa?
Today is oggi , tomorrow is domani .
- oggi (OH-jee) — today
- domani (doh-MAH-nee) — tomorrow
- oggi (OH-jee) — today
- che tempo fa? (keh TEM-poh fah) — what's the weather?
To say “See you tomorrow” in Italian: A domani (ah doh-MAH-nee). Built from a = until; domani = tomorrow.
Ask about the weather: Che tempo fa?
To say “It's raining” in Italian: Piove (PYOH-veh). Built from piove = it rains.
Small talk & politeness
Key pieces: mi chiamo · piacere · molto lieto
Introduce yourself: Mi chiamo… = my name is…, and Piacere = pleased to meet you.
To say “My name is Alex” in Italian: Mi chiamo Alex (mee KYAH-moh Alex). Built from mi chiamo = my name is; Alex = your name.
To ask someone's name: Come ti chiami?
To say “What's your name?” in Italian: Come ti chiami? (KOH-meh tee KYAH-mee). Built from come = how; ti chiami? = do you call yourself?.
To say “Pleased to meet you” in Italian: Piacere (PYAH-cheh-reh). Built from piacere = pleasure.
Health & emergency
Key pieces: aiuto · dottore · farmacia · non capisco
The most important words if you need help: aiuto (help), dottore (doctor), farmacia (pharmacy).
- aiuto (ah-YOO-toh) — help!
- il dottore (eel dot-TOH-reh) — the doctor Memory hook: ≈ English doctor.
- la farmacia (lah far-mah-CHEE-ah) — the pharmacy Memory hook: ≈ English pharmacy.
- Non capisco (non kah-PEE-skoh) — I don't understand
To say “Help!” in Italian: Aiuto! (ah-YOO-toh). Built from aiuto = help.
To say “I don't understand” in Italian: Non capisco (non kah-PEE-skoh). Built from non = not; capisco = I understand.
To say you need help: Ho bisogno di aiuto .
To say “I need help” in Italian: Ho bisogno di aiuto (oh bee-ZOH-nyoh dee ah-YOO-toh). Built from ho bisogno = I need; di aiuto = of help.
Describing things
Key pieces: bello · grande · piccolo · molto
Adjectives are easy: bello (beautiful), grande (big), piccolo (small).
- bello (BEH-loh) — beautiful
- grande (GRAN-deh) — big Memory hook: ≈ English grand.
- piccolo (PEE-koh-loh) — small
- molto (MOL-toh) — very / a lot
To say “Very beautiful” in Italian: Molto bello (MOL-toh BEH-loh). Built from molto = very; bello = beautiful.
To say “A big coffee” in Italian: Un caffè grande (oon kahf-FEH GRAN-deh). Built from un caffè = a coffee; grande = big.
Tying it together
Key pieces: volere · potere · a capstone scene
Great — you've built a real toolbox. This capstone uses only words you've met. Build each line yourself before revealing.
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Italian: Ciao, come stai? (CHOW, KOH-meh STAI). Built from ciao = hi; come stai? = how are you?.
To say “I'd like a water, please” in Italian: Vorrei un'acqua, per favore (vor-RAY oon-AH-kwah, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from vorrei = I'd like; un'acqua = a water; per favore = please.
To say “Where is the station?” in Italian: Dov'è la stazione? (doh-VEH lah staht-SYOH-neh). Built from dov'è = where is; la stazione = the station.
To say “How much is it?” in Italian: Quanto costa? (KWAN-toh KOS-tah). Built from quanto costa? = how much is it?.
Airport & tickets
Key pieces: aeroporto · passaporto · biglietto · gate
You have landed. The building is the aeroporto . Your document is a passaporto .
- l'aeroporto (lah-eh-roh-POR-toh) — the airport
- il passaporto (eel pahs-sah-POR-toh) — the passport
- il biglietto (eel bee-LYET-toh) — the ticket
- il volo (eel VOH-loh) — the flight
- il gate (eel gheht) — the gate
To say “Where is the airport?” in Italian: Dov'è l'aeroporto? (doh-VEH lah-eh-roh-POR-toh). Built from dov'è = where is; l'aeroporto = the airport.
To say “Here is my passport” in Italian: Ecco il mio passaporto (EH-koh eel MEE-oh pahs-sah-POR-toh). Built from ecco = here is; il mio passaporto = my passport.
To say “A ticket, please” in Italian: Un biglietto, per favore (oon bee-LYET-toh, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from un biglietto = a ticket; per favore = please.
To say “Where is the gate?” in Italian: Dov'è il gate? (doh-VEH eel gheht). Built from dov'è = where is; il gate = the gate.
The taxi
Key pieces: taxi · andare · hotel · si fermi
The driver is waiting. Taxi is the same word. Tell them where to go with vorrei andare .
- il taxi (eel TAK-see) — the taxi
- l'autista (low-TEES-tah) — the driver
- vorrei andare (vor-RAY ahn-DAH-reh) — I would like to go
- si fermi qui (see FEHR-mee kwee) — stop here (formal)
To say “Taxi, please” in Italian: Un taxi, per favore (oon TAK-see, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from un taxi = a taxi; per favore = please.
To say “I want to go to the hotel” in Italian: Vorrei andare in hotel (vor-RAY ahn-DAH-reh een o-TEL). Built from vorrei = I'd like; andare = to go; in hotel = to the hotel.
To say “Stop here, please” in Italian: Si fermi qui, per favore (see FEHR-mee kwee, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from si fermi = stop (formal); qui = here; per favore = please.
To say “How much is it?” in Italian: Quanto costa? (KWAN-toh KOS-tah). Built from quanto = how much; costa = does it cost.
The hotel
Key pieces: prenotazione · camera · chiave · notte
At the desk: ho una prenotazione — I have a reservation.
- l'hotel (lo-TEL) — the hotel
- la prenotazione (lah preh-noh-taht-SYOH-neh) — the reservation
- la camera (lah KAH-meh-rah) — the room
- la chiave (lah KYAH-veh) — the key
- una notte (OO-nah NOT-teh) — one night
To say “I have a reservation” in Italian: Ho una prenotazione (oh OO-nah preh-noh-taht-SYOH-neh). Built from ho = I have; una prenotazione = a reservation.
To say “A room for one night, please” in Italian: Una camera per una notte, per favore (OO-nah KAH-meh-rah pehr OO-nah NOT-teh, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from una camera = a room; per una notte = for one night; per favore = please.
To say “The key, please” in Italian: La chiave, per favore (lah KYAH-veh, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from la chiave = the key; per favore = please.
To say “Where is my room?” in Italian: Dov'è la mia camera? (doh-VEH lah MEE-ah KAH-meh-rah). Built from dov'è = where is; la mia camera = my room.
Ask for help
Key pieces: non capisco · più piano · inglese
When the language is too fast: Più piano, per favore — slower, please.
- più piano (pyoo PYAH-noh) — slower
- di nuovo (dee NWO-voh) — again
- inglese (een-GLEH-zeh) — English
- può aiutarmi? (pwo ah-yoo-TAR-mee) — can you help me? (formal)
To say “I don't understand” in Italian: Non capisco (non kah-PEE-skoh). Built from non = not; capisco = I understand.
To say “Slower, please” in Italian: Più piano, per favore (pyoo PYAH-noh, pehr fah-VOH-reh). Built from più piano = slower; per favore = please.
To say “Can you help me?” in Italian: Può aiutarmi? (pwo ah-yoo-TAR-mee). Built from può = can you (formal); aiutarmi = help me.
To say “Do you speak English?” in Italian: Parla inglese? (PAR-lah een-GLEH-zeh). Built from parla = do you speak (formal); inglese = English.
Common mistakes and things to watch out for
- si fermi qui (see FEHR-mee kwee): formal.
- può aiutarmi? (pwo ah-yoo-TAR-mee): formal.
Culture and etiquette
Coffee is a meal
An espresso is a moment, not a to-go cup. Italians drink cappuccino in the morning (never after a big meal). Standing at the bar is cheaper than sitting at a table — a real insider tip.
Hands talk
Italians gesture a lot. A pinch of the fingers means 'what do you want?' or exasperation; a chin flick means 'I don't care'. You don't need to copy them, but you'll understand the mood.
Dinner is late
Dinner often starts around 8-9pm. Lunch around 1pm. Restaurants close between the two. Don't be surprised if a cafe is quiet mid-afternoon.
Dress to impress
Italians dress well, even casually. Neat, clean and stylish clothes get you better service and warmer welcomes.
Tipping is a small gesture
A few coins or rounding up is fine in restaurants and cafés; taxis too. It's appreciated but never demanded.
A little Italian goes far
A 'buongiorno' and 'grazie' open every door. Italians light up when visitors try their language — effort matters more than perfection.
Example dialogues
At a café
You: Buongiorno! Un caffè, per favore. (bwon-JOR-noh, oon kahf-FEH, pehr fah-VOH-reh) — Good morning! A coffee, please.
Barista: Subito. Da bere o da portare via? (SOO-bee-toh, dah BEH-reh oh dah por-TAH-reh VEE-ah) — Right away. For here or to go?
You: Da portare via, grazie. (dah por-TAH-reh VEE-ah, GRAH-tsyeh) — To go, thanks.
Barista: Ecco. Sono due euro. (EH-koh, soh-noh DOO-eh EH-oo-roh) — Here. That's two euros.
You: Grazie mille! (GRAH-tsyeh MEE-leh) — Thanks a lot!
At the train station
You: Scusi, dov'è la stazione? (SKOO-zee, doh-VEH lah staht-SYOH-neh) — Excuse me, where's the station?
Local: È lì, a destra. (eh lee, ah DEH-strah) — It's there, on the right.
You: Grazie. Un biglietto per Roma, per favore. (GRAH-tsyeh, oon bee-LYET-toh pehr ROH-mah, pehr fah-VOH-reh) — Thanks. A ticket to Rome, please.
Ticket: Quindici euro. Il treno è alle nove. (KWEEN-dee-chee EH-oo-roh, eel TREH-noh eh AH-leh NOH-veh) — Fifteen euros. The train is at nine.
At a restaurant
Waiter: Buonasera! Avete una prenotazione? (bwoh-nah-SEH-rah, ah-VEH-teh OO-nah preh-noh-taht-SYOH-neh) — Good evening! Do you have a reservation?
You: Sì, per due persone. (see, pehr DOO-eh pehr-SOH-neh) — Yes, for two people.
You: Il menu, per favore. (eel meh-NOO, pehr fah-VOH-reh) — The menu, please.
You: Vorrei la pasta e un vino rosso. (vor-RAY lah PAHS-tah eh oon VEE-noh ROS-soh) — I'd like the pasta and a red wine.
Waiter: Ottima scelta! Buon appetito. (ot-TEE-mah SHEL-tah, bwon ahp-peh-TEE-toh) — Excellent choice! Enjoy your meal.
Written by the LanguagePath editorial team from our own course material. Pronunciation guides are approximate English respellings; tap any phrase in the app above to hear it. Native-speaker review of every course is ongoing — tell us if you spot an error.