Learning Polish: a practical guide
This is a written companion to the free Polish course on LanguagePath: what the language is like, how it sounds, the phrases you will use first, how the course is structured, and what to watch out for. Everything here comes from the same lessons you can practise interactively above.
What Polish is like
Polish spelling is reliable once you know its sounds: cz is like 'ch', sz like 'sh', ł like 'w', and rz and ż both like the 's' in measure. The language adds little endings to nouns and verbs depending on their role, so kawa (coffee) becomes kawę when you say 'a coffee' — but people understand you no matter what.
Words you may already know
Pronunciation notes
Polish may look intimidating — szczęście, anyone? — but its letters are consistent. Learn the sounds below and you can read almost any word aloud.
- cz — like the "ch" in chip — a hard, plain ch, as in cześć = cheshch · czekolada = cheh-koh-LAH-dah.
- sz — like the "sh" in shop, as in szkoła = SHKOH-wa.
- ż — like the "s" in measure — a soft "zh", as in żółty = ZHOO-tih.
- rz — same sound as ż — a soft "zh", as in rzeka = ZHEH-kah.
- ą — a nasal "on", said through the nose like the on in "bont", as in piątek = PYON-tek.
- ę — a nasal "en" in the middle, but at the word's end it sounds like a plain "e", as in pięć = pyench · dziękuję = jen-KOO-yeh.
- ł — like the "w" in water, as in miło = MEE-woh · stół = stoow.
- ś / ć — soft, "sigh"-like "sh" (ś) and soft "chee" (ć), as in siostra = SHOS-trah · być = bich.
First phrases
The pocket phrases below are the ones learners reach for most often. Say each one out loud a few times before moving on.
| Polish | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Cześć | cheshch | Hi |
| Dzień dobry | jen DOH-brih | Good morning |
| Dobry wieczór | DOH-brih VYEH-choor | Good evening |
| Do widzenia | doh vee-DZEH-nyah | Goodbye |
| Nazywam się Alex | nah-ZIH-vahm sheh | My name is Alex |
| Proszę | PROH-sheh | Please / you're welcome |
| Dziękuję | jen-KOO-yeh | Thank you |
| Dziękuję bardzo | jen-KOO-yeh BAR-dzoh | Thanks a lot |
| Przepraszam | psheh-PRAH-shahm | Excuse me / sorry |
| Tak | tahk | Yes |
| Nie | nyeh | No |
| Jeden | YEH-den | 1 |
| Dwa | dvah | 2 |
| Trzy | tshih | 3 |
| Pięć | pyench | 5 |
| Dziesięć | JEH-shench | 10 |
| Woda | VOH-dah | water |
| Kawa | KAH-vah | coffee |
| Chleb | hlehb | bread |
| Rachunek | rah-HOO-nek | the bill |
| Gdzie jest...? | g-dzyeh yest | Where is...? |
| W prawo | f PRAH-voh | to the right |
| W lewo | f LEH-voh | to the left |
| Dworzec | DVOH-zhets | the station |
| Ile to kosztuje? | EE-leh toh kosh-TOO-yeh | How much is it? |
| Czy mogę przymierzyć? | chih MOH-geh pshih-MYEH-zhehch | Can I try it on? |
| Za drogo | zah DROH-goh | too expensive |
| Biorę to | BYOH-reh toh | I'll take it |
| Pomocy! | poh-MOH-tsih | Help! |
| Nie rozumiem | nyeh roh-ZOO-myem | I don't understand |
How the Polish course is structured
The course has 16 short lessons that build on each other. Each one introduces a few new pieces and then asks you to construct sentences you have never seen, before revealing the answer:
- Greetings & being polite — cześć · dzień dobry · dziękuję · proszę
- Polite phrases — dziękuję · proszę · przepraszam · nie ma za co
- Numbers 1–10 — jeden · dwa · trzy · dziesięć
- I want" — chcę & proszę o — chcę · proszę o · poproszę
- Food & drink — woda · kawa · chleb · rachunek
- Getting around — gdzie jest · w prawo · w lewo · dworzec
- Questions & "do you have…?" — czy ma pan/pani · czy jest · ile kosztuje
- Family & people — rodzina · matka · ojciec · przyjaciel
- Time, days & weather — dziś · jutro · poniedziałek · pogoda
- Small talk & your name — nazywam się · jak masz na imię · miło mi
- Health & emergency — pomocy · lekarz · apteka · nie rozumiem
- Tying it together — chcę · czy ma pan · gdzie jest · a capstone scene
- Airport & tickets — lotnisko · paszport · bilet · bramka
- The taxi — taksówka · hotel · zatrzymać
- The hotel — rezerwacja · pokój · klucz · noc
- Ask for help — nie rozumiem · wolniej · angielski
Inside the lessons
Here is how a few of the lessons explain the language, with worked examples and the word-by-word breakdown the course uses.
Greetings & being polite
Key pieces: cześć · dzień dobry · dziękuję · proszę
Let's start with the first words you'll use: cześć — hi (and bye). Say it out loud.
- cześć (cheshch) — hi / bye
- dzień dobry (jen DOH-brih) — good morning (formal)
- dobry wieczór (DOH-brih VYEH-choor) — good evening
- do widzenia (doh vee-DZEH-nyah) — goodbye
To say “Good morning, how are you?” in Polish: Dzień dobry, jak się masz? (jen DOH-brih, yahk sheh mahsh). Built from dzień dobry = good morning; jak się masz? = how are you?.
Two more essentials: dziękuję (thank you) and proszę (please / you're welcome).
To say “Thank you very much” in Polish: Dziękuję bardzo (jen-KOO-yeh BAR-dzoh). Built from dziękuję = thank you; bardzo = very much.
To ask how someone is: Jak się masz? (informal). The reply is Dobrze, dziękuję — well, thanks.
- Jak się masz? (yahk sheh mahsh) — How are you?
- Dobrze, dziękuję (DOH-bzheh, jen-KOO-yeh) — Well, thanks
- W porządku (foh ZHON-dkoo) — Not bad / OK
To say “Hi, how are you?” in Polish: Cześć, jak się masz? (cheshch, yahk sheh mahsh). Built from cześć = hi; jak się masz? = how are you?.
Polite phrases
Key pieces: dziękuję · proszę · przepraszam · nie ma za co
Being polite opens every door. dziękuję = thank you, proszę = please (and you're welcome).
- dziękuję (jen-KOO-yeh) — thank you
- proszę (PROH-sheh) — please / you're welcome
- przepraszam (psheh-PRAH-shahm) — excuse me / sorry
- nie ma za co (nyah mah ZAH tsoh) — you're welcome
To say “Excuse me, thank you” in Polish: Przepraszam, dziękuję (psheh-PRAH-shahm, jen-KOO-yeh). Built from przepraszam = excuse me; dziękuję = thank you.
Przepraszam covers both 'excuse me' and 'sorry'. Nie ma za co is the reply to a thank-you.
To say “Yes, please” in Polish: Tak, proszę (tahk, PROH-sheh). Built from tak = yes; proszę = please.
To say “No, thank you” in Polish: Nie, dziękuję (nyeh, jen-KOO-yeh). Built from nie = no; dziękuję = thank you.
Numbers 1–10
Key pieces: jeden · dwa · trzy · dziesięć
Numbers are the fastest win. Listen and repeat: jeden, dwa, trzy .
- jeden (YEH-den) — 1
- dwa (dvah) — 2
- trzy (tshih) — 3
- cztery (CHTEH-rih) — 4
- pięć (pyench) — 5
- sześć (sheshch) — 6
- siedem (SHEH-dem) — 7
- osiem (OH-shem) — 8
- dziewięć (JEH-vyench) — 9
- dziesięć (JEH-shench) — 10
To say “Two coffees, please” in Polish: Poproszę dwie kawy (poh-PROH-sheh DVYEH KAH-vih). Built from poproszę = I'd like; dwie = two; kawy = coffees.
To ask how much: Ile to kosztuje? = how much is it? Combine it with numbers to shop.
To say “How much is it?” in Polish: Ile to kosztuje? (EE-leh toh kosh-TOO-yeh). Built from ile = how much; to kosztuje = does it cost.
To say “It's five zlotys” in Polish: Pięć złotych (pyench ZWO-tih). Built from pięć = five; złotych = zlotys.
I want" — chcę & proszę o
Key pieces: chcę · proszę o · poproszę
The key verb to want: chcę — I want. Say it out loud.
To say “I want a coffee” in Polish: Chcę kawę (htseh KAH-veh). Built from chcę = I want; kawę = coffee.
More polite: proszę o… = I'd like…, and poproszę… when you order.
To say “I'd like a water, please” in Polish: Poproszę wodę (poh-PROH-sheh VOH-deh). Built from poproszę = I'd like; wodę = water.
To say “I'd like coffee, please” in Polish: Proszę o kawę (PROH-sheh oh KAH-veh). Built from proszę o = I'd like; kawę = coffee.
Note how kawa changes to kawę when you want it — that's Polish case, and it's nothing to fear.
Food & drink
Key pieces: woda · kawa · chleb · rachunek
Eating out? Key words: woda (water), kawa (coffee), chleb (bread).
- woda (VOH-dah) — water Memory hook: ≈ water (cf. vodka).
- kawa (KAH-vah) — coffee Memory hook: ≈ coffee (via Turkish kahve).
- herbata (hehr-BAH-tah) — tea
- chleb (hlehb) — bread
- piwo (PEE-voh) — beer
- menu (MEH-noo) — the menu Memory hook: ≈ English menu.
To say “Water and bread, please” in Polish: Poproszę wodę i chleb (poh-PROH-sheh VOH-deh ee hlehb). Built from poproszę = I'd like; wodę = water; i = and; chleb = bread.
i = and. Smacznego! = enjoy your meal, and smaczne means tasty.
To say “It's delicious!” in Polish: Bardzo smaczne! (BAR-dzoh SMACH-neh). Built from bardzo = very; smaczne = tasty.
To say “The bill, please” in Polish: Poproszę rachunek (poh-PROH-sheh rah-HOO-nek). Built from poproszę = I'd like; rachunek = the bill.
Getting around
Key pieces: gdzie jest · w prawo · w lewo · dworzec
The most useful question in any city: Gdzie jest…? — where is…?
- Gdzie jest...? (g-dzyeh yest) — Where is...?
- w prawo (f PRAH-voh) — to the right
- w lewo (f LEH-voh) — to the left
- prosto (PROH-stoh) — straight ahead
- dworzec (DVOH-zhets) — the station
To say “Where is the station?” in Polish: Gdzie jest dworzec? (g-dzyeh yest DVOH-zhets). Built from gdzie jest = where is; dworzec = the station.
To say “Where is the bathroom?” in Polish: Gdzie jest toaleta? (g-dzyeh yest toh-ah-LEH-tah). Built from gdzie jest = where is; toaleta = the bathroom. toaleta ≈ toilet.
W prawo and w lewo tell you which way to turn. 'Straight ahead' is prosto .
To say “Straight ahead” in Polish: Prosto (PROH-stoh). Built from prosto = straight ahead.
Questions & "do you have…?"
Key pieces: czy ma pan/pani · czy jest · ile kosztuje
To ask someone if they have something politely: Czy ma pan…? (to a man) or Czy ma pani…? (to a woman). czy makes it a question.
- Czy ma pan...? (chih mah pahn) — Do you have...? (to a man)
- Czy ma pani...? (chih mah PAH-nee) — Do you have...? (to a woman)
- czy jest...? (chih yest) — Is there...?
- ile to kosztuje? (EE-leh toh kosh-TOO-yeh) — How much is it?
To say “Do you have a room?” in Polish: Czy ma pani pokój? (chih mah PAH-nee POH-kool). Built from czy = (question word); ma pani = do you have (to a woman); pokój = a room.
czy turns a statement into a yes/no question. Czy jest…? = is there…?
To say “Is there wifi?” in Polish: Czy jest wifi? (chih yest WEE-fee). Built from czy jest = is there; wifi = wifi.
To say “Do you have a table?” in Polish: Czy ma pan stolik? (chih mah pahn STOH-leek). Built from czy = (question word); ma pan = do you have (to a man); stolik = a table.
Family & people
Key pieces: rodzina · matka · ojciec · przyjaciel
Family words: rodzina (family), matka (mother), ojciec (father).
- rodzina (roh-DJEE-nah) — family
- matka (MAHT-kah) — mother Memory hook: ≈ mother (same root).
- ojciec (OY-chets) — father
- brat (braht) — brother Memory hook: ≈ brother (same root).
- siostra (SHOS-trah) — sister
- przyjaciel (pshih-YAH-chehl) — friend
To say “I have a family” in Polish: Mam rodzinę (mahm roh-DJEE-neh). Built from mam = I have; rodzinę = family.
Mam… = I have… It's the key verb to say what you've got.
To say “I have a brother” in Polish: Mam brata (mahm BRAH-tah). Built from mam = I have; brata = brother.
To say “I have a friend” in Polish: Mam przyjaciela (mahm pshih-YAH-cheh-lah). Built from mam = I have; przyjaciela = friend.
Time, days & weather
Key pieces: dziś · jutro · poniedziałek · pogoda
Today is dziś (or dzisiaj ), tomorrow is jutro .
- dziś (jeech) — today
- jutro (YOO-troh) — tomorrow
- poniedziałek (poh-nyeh-DJAH-wek) — Monday
- niedziela (nyeh-DJEE-lah) — Sunday
- pogoda (poh-GOH-dah) — the weather
- jaka jest pogoda? (YAH-kah yest poh-GOH-dah) — what's the weather?
To say “See you tomorrow” in Polish: Do jutra (doh YOO-trah). Built from do = until; jutra = tomorrow.
Ask about the weather: Jaka jest pogoda? — what's the weather like?
To say “It's raining” in Polish: Pada deszcz (PAH-dah deshch). Built from pada = it's falling; deszcz = rain.
To say “It's sunny” in Polish: Jest słonecznie (yest swoh-NECH-nyeh). Built from jest = it is; słonecznie = sunny.
Small talk & your name
Key pieces: nazywam się · jak masz na imię · miło mi
Introduce yourself: Nazywam się… = my name is…, and Miło mi = nice to meet you.
To say “My name is Alex” in Polish: Nazywam się Alex (nah-ZIH-vahm sheh Alex). Built from nazywam się = my name is; Alex = your name.
To ask someone's name: Jak masz na imię? (informal).
To say “What's your name?” in Polish: Jak masz na imię? (yahk mahsh nah EE-myeh). Built from jak masz na imię = what are you called?.
To say “Nice to meet you” in Polish: Miło mi (MEE-woh mee). Built from miło = nice; mi = to me.
To say “I am from America” in Polish: Jestem z Ameryki (YEH-stem zah ah-MEH-rih-kee). Built from jestem = I am; z = from; Ameryki = America. Ameryka ≈ America.
Health & emergency
Key pieces: pomocy · lekarz · apteka · nie rozumiem
The most important words if you need help: pomocy (help!), lekarz (doctor), apteka (pharmacy).
- pomocy (poh-MOH-tsih) — help!
- lekarz (LEH-kahsh) — the doctor
- apteka (ahp-TEH-kah) — the pharmacy Memory hook: ≈ apothecary (old pharmacy).
- nie rozumiem (nyeh roh-ZOO-myem) — I don't understand
To say “Help!” in Polish: Pomocy! (poh-MOH-tsih). Built from pomocy = help.
To say “I don't understand” in Polish: Nie rozumiem (nyeh roh-ZOO-myem). Built from nie = not; rozumiem = I understand.
To say you need help: Potrzebuję pomocy . And Nie czuję się dobrze = I don't feel well.
To say “I need help” in Polish: Potrzebuję pomocy (poh-tsheh-BOO-yeh poh-MOH-tsih). Built from potrzebuję = I need; pomocy = help.
To say “I don't feel well” in Polish: Nie czuję się dobrze (nyeh CHOO-yeh sheh DOH-bzheh). Built from nie czuję się = I don't feel; dobrze = well.
Tying it together
Key pieces: chcę · czy ma pan · gdzie jest · a capstone scene
Great — you've built a real toolbox. This capstone uses only words you've met. Build each line yourself before revealing.
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Polish: Dzień dobry, jak się masz? (jen DOH-brih, yahk sheh mahsh). Built from dzień dobry = good morning; jak się masz? = how are you?.
To say “I'd like a coffee, please” in Polish: Poproszę kawę (poh-PROH-sheh KAH-veh). Built from poproszę = I'd like; kawę = coffee.
To say “Where is the station?” in Polish: Gdzie jest dworzec? (g-dzyeh yest DVOH-zhets). Built from gdzie jest = where is; dworzec = the station.
To say “How much is it?” in Polish: Ile to kosztuje? (EE-leh toh kosh-TOO-yeh). Built from ile to kosztuje? = how much is it?.
Airport & tickets
Key pieces: lotnisko · paszport · bilet · bramka
You have landed. The building is the lotnisko . Your document is a paszport .
- lotnisko (lot-NEES-koh) — airport
- paszport (PAHSH-port) — passport
- bilet (BEE-leht) — ticket
- bramka (BRAHM-kah) — gate
To say “Where is the airport?” in Polish: Gdzie jest lotnisko? (g-dzyeh yest lot-NEES-koh). Built from gdzie jest = where is; lotnisko = airport.
To say “Here is my passport” in Polish: Oto mój paszport (OH-toh mooy PAHSH-port). Built from oto = here is; mój paszport = my passport.
To say “A ticket, please” in Polish: Poproszę bilet (poh-PROH-sheh BEE-leht). Built from poproszę = I'd like; bilet = ticket.
To say “Where is the gate?” in Polish: Gdzie jest bramka? (g-dzyeh yest BRAHM-kah). Built from gdzie jest = where is; bramka = gate.
The taxi
Key pieces: taksówka · hotel · zatrzymać
The driver is waiting. taksówka is the Polish word. Tell them chcę jechać do hotelu .
- taksówka (tak-SOOF-kah) — taxi
- kierowca (kyeh-ROV-tsah) — driver
- chcę jechać (htseh YEH-hahch) — I want to go
- proszę tu zatrzymać (PROH-sheh too zah-TZIH-mach) — please stop here
To say “Taxi, please” in Polish: Taksówka, proszę (tak-SOOF-kah, PROH-sheh). Built from taksówka = taxi; proszę = please.
To say “I want to go to the hotel” in Polish: Chcę jechać do hotelu (htseh YEH-hahch doh ho-TEH-loo). Built from chcę = I want; jechać = to go (by vehicle); do hotelu = to the hotel.
To say “Stop here, please” in Polish: Proszę tu zatrzymać (PROH-sheh too zah-TZIH-mach). Built from proszę = please; tu = here; zatrzymać = stop.
To say “How much is it?” in Polish: Ile to kosztuje? (EE-leh toh kosh-TOO-yeh). Built from ile = how much; to kosztuje = does it cost.
The hotel
Key pieces: rezerwacja · pokój · klucz · noc
At the desk: mam rezerwację — I have a reservation.
- hotel (ho-TEL) — hotel
- rezerwacja (reh-zer-VAH-tsyah) — reservation
- pokój (POH-kooy) — room
- klucz (klooch) — key
- jedna noc (YED-nah nots) — one night
To say “I have a reservation” in Polish: Mam rezerwację (mahm reh-zer-VAH-tseh). Built from mam = I have; rezerwację = a reservation (object case).
To say “A room for one night, please” in Polish: Poproszę pokój na jedną noc (poh-PROH-sheh POH-kooy nah YED-non nots). Built from poproszę = I'd like; pokój = room; na jedną noc = for one night.
To say “The key, please” in Polish: Klucz, proszę (klooch, PROH-sheh). Built from klucz = key; proszę = please.
To say “Where is my room?” in Polish: Gdzie jest mój pokój? (g-dzyeh yest mooy POH-kooy). Built from gdzie jest = where is; mój pokój = my room.
Ask for help
Key pieces: nie rozumiem · wolniej · angielski
When Polish is too fast: wolniej, proszę — slower, please.
- wolniej (VOL-nyey) — slower
- jeszcze raz (YEH-shcheh rahs) — again
- angielski (ahn-GYEL-skee) — English
- czy może pan pomóc? (chih MOH-zheh pahn POH-moots) — can you help?
To say “I don't understand” in Polish: Nie rozumiem (nyeh roh-ZOO-myem). Built from nie = not; rozumiem = I understand.
To say “Speak slowly, please” in Polish: Wolniej, proszę (VOL-nyey, PROH-sheh). Built from wolniej = slower; proszę = please.
To say “Can you help me?” in Polish: Czy może pan mi pomóc? (chih MOH-zheh pahn mee POH-moots). Built from czy może pan = can you (to a man); mi = me; pomóc = help.
To say “Do you speak English?” in Polish: Czy mówi pan po angielsku? (chih MOO-vee pahn poh ahn-GYEL-skoo). Built from czy mówi pan = do you speak; po angielsku = in English.
Common mistakes and things to watch out for
- dzień dobry (jen DOH-brih): formal.
- Czy ma pan...? (chih mah pahn): to a man.
- Czy ma pani...? (chih mah PAH-nee): to a woman.
Culture and etiquette
Pierogi are sacred
A Polish icon: dumplings stuffed with potato and cheese (ruskie), meat, cabbage or berries. Order them at any bar mleczny — a cheap, cosy Communist-era milk bar.
Milk bars (bar mleczny)
These budget canteens from the Soviet era still serve pierogi, żurek soup and kompot at tiny prices. Brilliant for an authentic, affordable meal with locals.
"Na zdrowie!"
When toasting, raise your glass and say Na zdrowie! (to your health!). Polish hospitality means your glass rarely stays empty for long.
The złoty
The currency is the złoty (zł). Cards are accepted almost everywhere, but keep a little cash for small shops, markets and trams.
Wigilia
Most Poles are Catholic. Christmas Eve (Wigilia) is the big family night: a 12-dish dinner, shared Christmas wafer, and the first star in the sky.
A little Polish goes far
A dzień dobry and dziękuję open every door. Poles light up when visitors try their language — effort matters more than perfection.
Example dialogues
At a café
You: Dzień dobry! Poproszę kawę. (jen DOH-brih, poh-PROH-sheh KAH-veh) — Good morning! A coffee, please.
Barista: Oczywiście. Na miejscu czy na wynos? (oh-chih-VEESH-cheh, nah MYEH-stchoo chih nah VIH-nos) — Of course. For here or to go?
You: Na wynos, dziękuję. (nah VIH-nos, jen-KOO-yeh) — To go, thanks.
Barista: Proszę. To pięć złotych. (PROH-sheh, toh pyench ZWO-tih) — Here. That's five zlotys.
You: Dziękuję bardzo! (jen-KOO-yeh BAR-dzoh) — Thanks a lot!
At the train station
You: Przepraszam, gdzie jest dworzec? (psheh-PRAH-shahm, g-dzyeh yest DVOH-zhets) — Excuse me, where's the station?
Local: Tam, w prawo. (tahm, f PRAH-voh) — It's there, to the right.
You: Dziękuję. Poproszę bilet do Warszawy. (jen-KOO-yeh, poh-PROH-sheh BEE-leht doh vahr-SHAH-vih) — Thanks. A ticket to Warsaw, please.
Ticket: Piętnaście złotych. Pociąg jest o dziewiątej. (PYEN-nash-cheh ZWO-tih, POH-chonk yest oh dzeh-VYON-tey) — Fifteen zlotys. The train is at nine.
At a restaurant
Waiter: Dobry wieczór! Czy ma pan rezerwację? (DOH-brih VYEH-choor, chih mah pahn reh-zehr-VAH-tsyah) — Good evening! Do you have a reservation?
You: Tak, dla dwóch osób. (tahk, dla dvohkh OH-sohp) — Yes, for two people.
You: Poproszę menu. (poh-PROH-sheh MEH-noo) — The menu, please.
You: Poproszę pierogi i wodę. (poh-PROH-sheh pyeh-ROH-ghee ee VOH-deh) — I'd like pierogi and water.
Waiter: Świetny wybór! Smacznego. (SHVYET-nih VIH-boor, smach-NEH-goh) — Excellent choice! Enjoy your meal.
Written by the LanguagePath editorial team from our own course material. Pronunciation guides are approximate English respellings; tap any phrase in the app above to hear it. Native-speaker review of every course is ongoing — tell us if you spot an error.