Learning Slovak: a practical guide
This is a written companion to the free Slovak course on LanguagePath: what the language is like, how it sounds, the phrases you will use first, how the course is structured, and what to watch out for. Everything here comes from the same lessons you can practise interactively above.
What Slovak is like
Slovak is written almost exactly as it sounds — a real gift for learners. The marks on á, é, í, ó, ú simply make the vowel longer; the sound stays the same. ch is a breathy 'h', c is 'ts', č is 'ch', and š/ž are 'sh/zh'. ľ is a soft 'l', and ô slides from 'u' into 'o'.
Gender matters: nouns have masculine, feminine and neuter forms, and adjectives and past verbs agree with them — so chcel by som (a man speaking) vs chcela by som (a woman). Don't worry: you'll hear the rhythm right away.
Words you may already know
Pronunciation notes
Slovak is written almost exactly as it sounds in Latin letters. Learn these special letters and you can read nearly any word aloud.
- ľ — a soft "l", like "li" in million, as in ľúbim = LYOO-bim (I love).
- ô — a glide from "u" into "o", like "wo", as in môžem = MWO-zhem (I can).
- ä — a short "e" sound, between a and e, as in päť = pyaht (five).
- š — "sh" as in shoe, as in šesť = shest (six).
- ž — "zh" as in pleasure, as in žena = ZHEH-nah (woman).
- č — "ch" as in church, as in čaj = chai (tea).
- ch — a breathy "h", like Scottish loch, as in chlieb = khlyeb (bread).
- c — "ts" as in cats, as in cena = TSEH-nah (price).
First phrases
The pocket phrases below are the ones learners reach for most often. Say each one out loud a few times before moving on.
| Slovak | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ahoj | ah-HOY | Hi / bye |
| Dobrý deň | DOH-bree dyen | Good day |
| Dovidenia | doh-VEE-dyeh-nyah | Goodbye |
| Ako sa máš? | AH-koh sah maash | How are you? |
| Dobre, ďakujem | DOH-breh, DYAH-koo-yem | Well, thanks |
| Ďakujem | DYAH-koo-yem | Thank you |
| Ďakujem pekne | DYAH-koo-yem PEHK-nyeh | Thanks a lot |
| Prosím | PROH-seem | Please / you're welcome |
| Nech sa páči | nyehkh sah PAH-chee | Here you are |
| Prepáč | PREH-paach | Sorry |
| Áno / Nie | AA-noh / nyeh | Yes / No |
| Jeden | YEH-den | 1 |
| Dva | dvah | 2 |
| Tri | tree | 3 |
| Štyri | SHTEE-ree | 4 |
| Päť | pyaht | 5 |
| Desať | DEH-syaht | 10 |
| Voda | VOH-dah | water |
| Chlieb | khlyeb | bread |
| Káva | KAH-vah | coffee |
| Čaj | chai | tea |
| Jedálny lístok | YEH-daahl-nee LEES-tok | the menu |
| Kde je...? | gdyeh yeh | Where is...? |
| Vpravo | FPRAH-voh | to the right |
| Vľavo | FVLAH-voh | to the left |
| Rovno | ROV-noh | straight ahead |
| Stanica | STAH-nee-tsah | the station |
| Koľko to stojí? | KOL-koh toh STOH-yee | how much is it? |
| Toaleta | toh-ah-LEH-tah | the bathroom |
| Drahé | DRAH-heh | expensive |
How the Slovak course is structured
The course has 16 short lessons that build on each other. Each one introduces a few new pieces and then asks you to construct sentences you have never seen, before revealing the answer:
- Greetings & being friendly — ahoj · dobrý deň · ako sa máš?
- Being polite: ďakujem & prosím — ďakujem · prosím · nech sa páči
- Numbers 1–10 — jeden · dva · tri · desať
- I want" — chcem / chcel by som — chcem · chcel by som · prosím si
- Food & drink — voda · chlieb · káva · čaj
- Directions & getting around — kde je · vpravo · vľavo · rovno
- Questions & "may I…?" — čo · kedy · kde · prečo · môžem
- Family & people — rodina · matka · otec · priateľ
- Time, days & weather — dnes · zajtra · koľko je hodín
- Your name — volám sa — volám sa · ako sa voláš · teší ma
- Health & emergency — pomoc · lekár · nemocnica · nerozumiem
- Tying it together — a capstone scene in Bratislava
- Airport & tickets — letisko · pas · lístok · let
- The taxi — taxi · ísť · hotel · zastavte
- The hotel — rezervácia · izba · kľúč · noc
- Ask for help — nerozumiem · pomalšie · anglicky
Inside the lessons
Here is how a few of the lessons explain the language, with worked examples and the word-by-word breakdown the course uses.
Greetings & being friendly
Key pieces: ahoj · dobrý deň · ako sa máš?
The word you'll use all day: ahoj — hi (and bye). Say it out loud.
- ahoj (ah-HOY) — hi / bye
- dobrý deň (DOH-bree dyen) — good day
- dobré ráno (DOH-breh RAA-noh) — good morning
- dobrý večer (DOH-bree VEH-cher) — good evening
- dovidenia (doh-VEE-dyeh-nyah) — goodbye
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Slovak: Ahoj, ako sa máš? (ah-HOY, AH-koh sah maash). Built from ahoj = hi; ako sa máš? = how are you?.
To ask how someone is: ako sa máš? (informal). A common reply is dobre, ďakujem — well, thanks.
- Ako sa máš? (AH-koh sah maash) — How are you?
- Dobre, ďakujem (DOH-breh, DYAH-koo-yem) — Well, thanks
- Mám sa dobre (maam sah DOH-breh) — I'm doing well
To say “Good morning” in Slovak: Dobré ráno (DOH-breh RAA-noh). Built from dobré ráno = good morning.
Being polite: ďakujem & prosím
Key pieces: ďakujem · prosím · nech sa páči
Two words carry a whole conversation: ďakujem (thank you) and prosím (please / you're welcome).
- ďakujem (DYAH-koo-yem) — thank you
- prosím (PROH-seem) — please / you're welcome
- nech sa páči (nyehkh sah PAH-chee) — here you are
- prepáč (PREH-paach) — sorry
- áno / nie (AA-noh / nyeh) — yes / no
To say “Thank you very much” in Slovak: Ďakujem pekne (DYAH-koo-yem PEHK-nyeh). Built from ďakujem = thank you; pekne = nicely / very much.
prosím does double duty — it means 'please' and 'you're welcome'. Context tells you which.
To say “Yes, please” in Slovak: Áno, prosím (AA-noh, PROH-seem). Built from áno = yes; prosím = please.
To say “One water, please” in Slovak: Jednu vodu, prosím (YEHD-noo VOH-doo, PROH-seem). Built from jednu = one; vodu = water; prosím = please.
Numbers 1–10
Key pieces: jeden · dva · tri · desať
Numbers are the fastest win. Listen and repeat: jeden, dva, tri .
- jeden (YEH-den) — 1
- dva (dvah) — 2
- tri (tree) — 3
- štyri (SHTEE-ree) — 4
- päť (pyaht) — 5
- šesť (shest) — 6
- sedem (SEH-dem) — 7
- osem (OH-sem) — 8
- deväť (DEH-vyaht) — 9
- desať (DEH-syaht) — 10
To say “Two coffees, please” in Slovak: Dve kávy, prosím (dveh KAH-vee, PROH-seem). Built from dve = two; kávy = coffees; prosím = please.
To ask a price: Koľko to stojí? — how much does it cost?
To say “How much is it?” in Slovak: Koľko to stojí? (KOL-koh toh STOH-yee). Built from koľko = how much; to stojí = it costs.
To say “It's five euros” in Slovak: Je to päť eur (yeh toh pyaht eh-oor). Built from je to = it is; päť = five; eur = euros.
I want" — chcem / chcel by som
Key pieces: chcem · chcel by som · prosím si
To say what you want: chcem = I want. For most situations you'll want the more polite chcel by som — I would like.
The polite form matches your gender: chcel by som if you're male, chcela by som if you're female. Both mean 'I would like'.
To say “I'd like a coffee” in Slovak: Chcel by som kávu (khtsel bih som KAH-voo). Built from chcel by som = I would like; kávu = coffee.
To say “I'd like a tea” in Slovak: Chcel by som čaj (khtsel bih som chai). Built from chcel by som = I would like; čaj = tea.
To say “I want a water” in Slovak: Chcem vodu (khtsem VOH-doo). Built from chcem = I want; vodu = water.
Food & drink
Key pieces: voda · chlieb · káva · čaj
Eating and drinking: voda (water), chlieb (bread), káva (coffee), čaj (tea).
- voda (VOH-dah) — water Memory hook: ≈ Russian / Polish voda.
- chlieb (khlyeb) — bread
- káva (KAH-vah) — coffee Memory hook: ≈ English coffee.
- čaj (chai) — tea Memory hook: ≈ Russian chay.
- reštaurácia (res-tow-RAH-tsyah) — restaurant Memory hook: ≈ English restaurant.
To say “Water and bread, please” in Slovak: Vodu a chlieb, prosím (VOH-doo ah khlyeb, PROH-seem). Built from vodu = water; a = and; chlieb = bread; prosím = please.
To say “I'd like the menu” in Slovak: Chcel by som jedálny lístok (khtsel bih som YEH-daahl-nee LEES-tok). Built from chcel by som = I would like; jedálny lístok = the menu.
To praise the food: výborné — delicious / excellent.
To say “It's delicious!” in Slovak: Výborné! (VEE-bor-neh). Built from výborné = excellent / delicious.
Directions & getting around
Key pieces: kde je · vpravo · vľavo · rovno
The most useful question in any town: Kde je…? — where is…?
- Kde je...? (gdyeh yeh) — Where is...?
- vpravo (FPRAH-voh) — to the right
- vľavo (FVLAH-voh) — to the left
- rovno (ROV-noh) — straight ahead
- stanica (STAH-nee-tsah) — the station Memory hook: ≈ English station.
To say “Where is the station?” in Slovak: Kde je stanica? (gdyeh yeh STAH-nee-tsah). Built from kde je = where is; stanica = station.
To say “Where is the bathroom?” in Slovak: Kde je toaleta? (gdyeh yeh toh-ah-LEH-tah). Built from kde je = where is; toaleta = bathroom.
vpravo and vľavo say which way to turn, and rovno is 'straight ahead'.
To say “It's on the left” in Slovak: Je to vľavo (yeh toh FVLAH-voh). Built from je to = it is; vľavo = to the left.
Questions & "may I…?"
Key pieces: čo · kedy · kde · prečo · môžem
Question words unlock every conversation: čo (what), kde (where), kedy (when), prečo (why).
- kto (ktoh) — who
- kedy (KEH-dee) — when
- kde (gdyeh) — where
- prečo (PREH-choh) — why
- čo (choh) — what
To say “What is this?” in Slovak: Čo je to? (choh yeh toh). Built from čo = what; je to = is it.
To ask permission politely: Môžem…? — may I…?
To say “May I pay?” in Slovak: Môžem zaplatiť? (MWO-zhem ZA-pla-tich). Built from môžem = may I; zaplatiť = to pay.
To say “Where are you from?” in Slovak: Odkiaľ si? (OD-kyaal see). Built from odkiaľ = from where; si = you are.
Family & people
Key pieces: rodina · matka · otec · priateľ
Family words: rodina (family), matka (mother), otec (father).
- rodina (ROH-dee-nah) — family
- matka (MAHT-kah) — mother Memory hook: ≈ Russian mat'.
- otec (OH-tets) — father
- brat (braht) — brother Memory hook: ≈ Russian / Polish brat.
- priateľ (PREE-ah-tyel) — friend
To say “I have a brother” in Slovak: Mám brata (maam BRAH-tah). Built from mám = I have; brata = brother.
mám = I have. It's the key verb for saying what you've got: mám rodinu = I have a family.
To say “This is my mother” in Slovak: Toto je moja matka (TOH-toh yeh MOH-yah MAHT-kah). Built from toto je = this is; moja = my; matka = mother.
To say “I have a friend” in Slovak: Mám priateľa (maam PREE-ah-tya). Built from mám = I have; priateľa = friend.
Time, days & weather
Key pieces: dnes · zajtra · koľko je hodín
Today is dnes , tomorrow is zajtra .
- dnes (dnyes) — today
- zajtra (ZAI-trah) — tomorrow
- včera (FCHER-ah) — yesterday
- koľko je hodín? (KOL-koh yeh HOH-deen) — what time is it?
- počasie (POH-chah-syeh) — weather Memory hook: ≈ Russian pogoda.
To say “See you tomorrow” in Slovak: Do zajtra (doh ZAI-trah). Built from do = until; zajtra = tomorrow.
Ask about the weather: Aké je počasie? — what's the weather like?
To say “It's raining” in Slovak: Prší (PRSHEE). Built from prší = it rains.
To say “What time is it?” in Slovak: Koľko je hodín? (KOL-koh yeh HOH-deen). Built from koľko = how much; je hodín = is the hour.
Your name — volám sa
Key pieces: volám sa · ako sa voláš · teší ma
Introduce yourself: Volám sa… = my name is…, and Teší ma = pleased to meet you.
To say “My name is Alex” in Slovak: Volám sa Alex (VOH-laam sah Alex). Built from volám sa = my name is; Alex = your name.
To ask someone's name: Ako sa voláš?
To say “What's your name?” in Slovak: Ako sa voláš? (AH-koh sah VOH-laash). Built from ako = how; sa voláš? = do you call yourself?.
To say “Pleased to meet you” in Slovak: Teší ma (TYEH-shee mah). Built from teší ma = pleased to meet you.
Health & emergency
Key pieces: pomoc · lekár · nemocnica · nerozumiem
If you need help: Pomoc! (help), lekár (doctor), nemocnica (hospital).
- Pomoc! (POH-mots) — Help!
- lekár (LEH-kaar) — doctor
- nemocnica (nyeh-mohts-NEE-tsah) — hospital
- Nerozumiem (nyeh-roh-ZOO-myem) — I don't understand
- hasič (HAH-seech) — firefighter
To say “Help!” in Slovak: Pomoc! (POH-mots). Built from pomoc = help.
To say “I don't understand” in Slovak: Nerozumiem (nyeh-roh-ZOO-myem). Built from ne- = not; rozumiem = I understand.
To say you don't speak the language: Nehovorím po slovensky .
To say “I don't speak Slovak” in Slovak: Nehovorím po slovensky (nyeh-HOH-voh-reem poh SLOH-ven-skee). Built from nehovorím = I don't speak; po slovensky = in Slovak.
Tying it together
Key pieces: a capstone scene in Bratislava
Great — you've built a real toolkit. This capstone uses only words you've met. Build each line yourself before revealing.
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Slovak: Ahoj, ako sa máš? (ah-HOY, AH-koh sah maash). Built from ahoj = hi; ako sa máš? = how are you?.
To say “I'd like a coffee and bread, please” in Slovak: Chcel by som kávu a chlieb, prosím (khtsel bih som KAH-voo ah khlyeb, PROH-seem). Built from chcel by som = I'd like; kávu = coffee; a chlieb = and bread.
To say “Where is the station?” in Slovak: Kde je stanica? (gdyeh yeh STAH-nee-tsah). Built from kde je = where is; stanica = station.
To say “How much is it?” in Slovak: Koľko to stojí? (KOL-koh toh STOH-yee). Built from koľko to stojí? = how much is it?.
Airport & tickets
Key pieces: letisko · pas · lístok · let
You have landed. The building is the letisko . Your document is a pas .
- letisko (LEH-tees-koh) — the airport
- pas (pahs) — the passport
- lístok (LEES-tok) — the ticket
- let (let) — the flight
- gáta (GAA-tah) — the gate
To say “Where is the airport?” in Slovak: Kde je letisko? (gdyeh yeh LEH-tees-koh). Built from kde je = where is; letisko = the airport.
To say “Here is my passport” in Slovak: Tu je môj pas (too yeh moy pahs). Built from tu je = here is; môj pas = my passport.
To say “A ticket, please” in Slovak: Jeden lístok, prosím (YEH-den LEES-tok, PROH-seem). Built from jeden lístok = a ticket; prosím = please.
To say “Where is the gate?” in Slovak: Kde je gáta? (gdyeh yeh GAA-tah). Built from kde je = where is; gáta = the gate.
The taxi
Key pieces: taxi · ísť · hotel · zastavte
The driver is waiting. taxi is the word you need. Tell them where to go with chcem ísť .
- taxi (TAHK-see) — the taxi
- vodič (VOH-deech) — the driver
- chcem ísť (khtsem eest) — I want to go
- zastavte tu (ZAH-stav-teh too) — stop here
To say “Taxi, please” in Slovak: Taxi, prosím (TAHK-see, PROH-seem). Built from taxi = taxi; prosím = please.
To say “I want to go to the hotel” in Slovak: Chcem ísť do hotela (khtsem eest doh HOH-teh-lah). Built from chcem ísť = I want to go; do hotela = to the hotel.
To say “Stop here, please” in Slovak: Zastavte tu, prosím (ZAH-stav-teh too, PROH-seem). Built from zastavte tu = stop here; prosím = please.
To say “How much is it?” in Slovak: Koľko to stojí? (KOL-koh toh STOH-yee). Built from koľko = how much; to stojí = it costs.
The hotel
Key pieces: rezervácia · izba · kľúč · noc
At the desk: Mám rezerváciu — I have a reservation.
- hotel (HOH-tel) — the hotel
- rezervácia (reh-zehr-VAA-tsyah) — the reservation
- izba (IZ-bah) — the room
- kľúč (klyooch) — the key
- jedna noc (YED-nah nots) — one night
To say “I have a reservation” in Slovak: Mám rezerváciu (maam reh-zehr-VAA-tsyoo). Built from mám = I have; rezerváciu = a reservation.
To say “A room for one night, please” in Slovak: Izbu na jednu noc, prosím (IZ-boo nah YED-noo nots, PROH-seem). Built from izbu = a room; na jednu noc = for one night; prosím = please.
To say “The key, please” in Slovak: Kľúč, prosím (klyooch, PROH-seem). Built from kľúč = the key; prosím = please.
To say “Where is my room?” in Slovak: Kde je moja izba? (gdyeh yeh MOH-yah IZ-bah). Built from kde je = where is; moja izba = my room.
Ask for help
Key pieces: nerozumiem · pomalšie · anglicky
When the language is too fast: Pomalšie, prosím — slower, please.
- pomalšie (POH-mal-shyeh) — slower
- znova (ZNOH-vah) — again
- anglicky (AHNG-lits-kee) — English
- môžete mi pomôcť? (MWO-zheh-teh mee poh-MOHTS) — can you help me?
To say “I don't understand” in Slovak: Nerozumiem (nyeh-roh-ZOO-myem). Built from ne- = not; rozumiem = I understand.
To say “Slower, please” in Slovak: Pomalšie, prosím (POH-mal-shyeh, PROH-seem). Built from pomalšie = slower; prosím = please.
To say “Can you help me?” in Slovak: Môžete mi pomôcť? (MWO-zheh-teh mee poh-MOHTS). Built from môžete = can you; mi = me; pomôcť = help.
To say “Do you speak English?” in Slovak: Hovoríte po anglicky? (hoh-voh-REE-teh poh AHNG-lits-kee). Built from hovoríte = do you speak; po anglicky = in English.
Culture and etiquette
The Tatras
The High Tatras are Slovakia's alpine jewel — jagged peaks, lakes and some of the best hiking in Central Europe. In winter they become a ski and snowboard playground. Bratislava is on the Danube in the west, but the mountains are a short trip away.
Close to Czech
Slovak is West Slavic, a sibling of Czech. The two languages are so close that speakers understand each other with ease — older Slovak and Czech texts are even closer still. If you learn Slovak, Czech is nearly a free bonus.
Folk culture
Folk traditions run deep: vivid embroidery, wooden architecture, and the fujara, a long shepherd's flute that UNESCO lists as a masterwork. Villages keep their own songs, dances and costumes, and festivals celebrate them all summer.
Bryndzové halušky
The national dish is bryndzové halušky — potato dumplings with sheep's cheese and a little bacon. Hearty, cheap and everywhere. Other classics include goulash, sauerkraut soup and stuffed cabbage rolls.
A beer & wine nation
Beer is cheap and flows freely in pivnicas (beer rooms), and Slovakia also makes great wine — the most famous being the sweet Tokaj from the south-east. Ordering a local drink is a great way to connect.
A little Slovak goes far
Slovaks light up when visitors try their language. A 'dobrý deň' and 'ďakujem' open every door, and even a shaky attempt brings warm smiles. Effort matters far more than perfection.
Example dialogues
At a café
You: Dobrý deň! Jednu kávu, prosím. (DOH-bree dyen! YEHD-noo KAH-voo, PROH-seem) — Good day! One coffee, please.
Barista: Hneď. Tu alebo so sebou? (hnyed. TOO ah-leh-boh soh SEH-bow) — Right away. For here or to go?
You: So sebou, ďakujem. (soh SEH-bow, DYAH-koo-yem) — To go, thanks.
Barista: Nech sa páči. Je to jedno eur. (nyehkh sah PAH-chee. yeh toh YEHD-noh eh-oor) — Here you are. That's one euro.
You: Ďakujem pekne! (DYAH-koo-yem PEHK-nyeh) — Thank you very much!
At the station
You: Prepáčte, kde je stanica? (PREH-paach-tyeh, gdyeh yeh STAH-nee-tsah) — Excuse me, where is the station?
Local: Tam, vpravo. (tahm, FPRAH-voh) — There, on the right.
You: Ďakujem. Jeden lístok do Bratislavy, prosím. (DYAH-koo-yem. YEH-den LEES-tok doh BRAH-tee-slah-vee, PROH-seem) — Thanks. One ticket to Bratislava, please.
Ticket: Pätnásť eur. Vlak ide o deviatej. (PYAT-naasht eh-oor. vlahk EED-eh oh DEH-vya-tyey) — Fifteen euros. The train leaves at nine.
At a restaurant
Waiter: Dobrý večer! Máte rezerváciu? (DOH-bree VEH-cher! maa-teh REH-zehr-VAH-tsyoo) — Good evening! Do you have a reservation?
You: Áno, pre dvoch. (AA-noh, preh dvohkh) — Yes, for two.
You: Jedálny lístok, prosím. (YEH-daahl-nee LEES-tok, PROH-seem) — The menu, please.
You: Chcel by som bryndzové halušky a vodu. (khtsel bih som BRIN-dzoh-veh HAH-loosh-kee ah VOH-doo) — I'd like bryndzové halušky (potato dumplings) and water.
Waiter: Výborná voľba! Dobrú chuť. (VEE-bor-nah VOL-ba! DOH-broo khootch) — Excellent choice! Enjoy your meal.
Written by the LanguagePath editorial team from our own course material. Pronunciation guides are approximate English respellings; tap any phrase in the app above to hear it. Native-speaker review of every course is ongoing — tell us if you spot an error.