Learning Ukrainian: a practical guide
This is a written companion to the free Ukrainian course on LanguagePath: what the language is like, how it sounds, the phrases you will use first, how the course is structured, and what to watch out for. Everything here comes from the same lessons you can practise interactively above.
What Ukrainian is like
Ukrainian is very phonetic — each letter maps to one sound, so reading aloud is easy once you know the alphabet. But case changes endings: кава (coffee) becomes кави, каву or кавою depending on where it sits in the sentence. Names, objects and after prepositions all shift endings. Don't worry — people understand you even if your endings aren't perfect.
Words you may already know
Pronunciation notes
Ukrainian letters are mostly one sound each, so if you can read the letters you can pronounce almost any word. These are the tricky ones.
- и — a short "y" as in "bit" — never a long English "ee", as in син = seen (son) · вода = vo-dah (water).
- і — a clear "ee" as in "see", as in літо = LEE-toh (summer) · кіт = keet (cat).
- ї — "yi" — a soft i with a "y" glide at the start, as in їжа = YEE-zha (food) · мої = mo-YEE (my).
- є — "ye" as in "yes", as in є = yeh (there is) · моє = mo-YEH (mine).
- ґ — a hard "g" as in "go" — a rare letter, as in ґанок = GAH-nok (porch).
- ' — apostrophe — keeps a consonant hard before a soft vowel (я/ю/є/ї), as in п'ять = pyat (five) · сім'я = see-MYA (family).
- ь — soft sign — softens (palatalizes) the consonant before it, as in день = den (day) · сіль = seel (salt).
- х — a deep "kh" as in "Bach" — almost no English equivalent, as in хліб = khleeb (bread) · добре = DOH-breh (good).
First phrases
The pocket phrases below are the ones learners reach for most often. Say each one out loud a few times before moving on.
| Ukrainian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Привіт | pry-VEET | Hello |
| Добрий день | DOH-bryi den | Good day / hello |
| До побачення | doh poh-BAH-chen-nyah | Goodbye |
| Як справи? | yak SPRA-vy | How are you? |
| Дякую | DYAH-koo | Thank you |
| Дуже дякую | DOO-zheh DYAH-koo | Thank you very much |
| Будь ласка | bool LAHS-kah | Please / you're welcome |
| Вибачте | VY-bach-teh | Excuse me / sorry |
| Так | tak | Yes |
| Ні | nee | No |
| Один | oh-DYN | 1 |
| Два | dvah | 2 |
| Три | try | 3 |
| П'ять | pyat | 5 |
| Десять | DEH-syat | 10 |
| Кава | KAH-vah | coffee |
| Вода | vo-DAH | water |
| Хліб | khleeb | bread |
| Меню | meh-NOO | the menu |
| Чай | chai | tea |
| Де...? | deh | Where is...? |
| Направо | nah-PRAH-voh | to the right |
| Наліво | nah-LEE-voh | to the left |
| Прямо | PRYAH-moh | straight ahead |
| Вокзал | vok-ZAHL | the station |
| Скільки коштує? | SKEEL-ky kosh-TOO-yeh | how much is it? |
| Дорого | DOH-roh-oh | it's expensive |
| Можна приміряти? | MOZH-nah pry-mee-RYAH-ty | can I try it on? |
| Допомога! | doh-poh-MOH-hah | Help! |
| Я не розумію | ya neh roh-ZOO-mee-yoo | I don't understand |
How the Ukrainian course is structured
The course has 16 short lessons that build on each other. Each one introduces a few new pieces and then asks you to construct sentences you have never seen, before revealing the answer:
- Greetings — привіт · добрий день · до побачення
- Polite phrases — дякую · будь ласка · вибачте
- Numbers 1–10 — один · два · три · десять
- I want" — хочу & потрібно — я хочу · мені потрібно · можна
- Food & drink — кава · вода · хліб · меню
- Getting around — де? · направо · наліво · вокзал
- Questions & "do you have…?" — у вас є? · чи є · можна
- Family & people — сім'я · мама · тато · друг
- Time, days & weather — сьогодні · завтра · яка погода?
- Small talk & your name — мене звати · як вас звати? · приємно
- Health & emergency — допомога · лікар · аптека
- Tying it together — я хочу · мені потрібно · скільки коштує?
- Airport & tickets — аеропорт · паспорт · квиток · рейс
- The taxi — таксі · їхати · готель · зупиніться
- The hotel — бронювання · номер · ключ · ніч
- Ask for help — не розумію · повільніше · англійською
Inside the lessons
Here is how a few of the lessons explain the language, with worked examples and the word-by-word breakdown the course uses.
Greetings
Key pieces: привіт · добрий день · до побачення
Let's start with the word you'll use everywhere: Привіт — hi. Say it out loud.
- Привіт (pry-VEET) — hi
- Добрий день (DOH-bryi den) — good day / hello
- Добрий вечір (DOH-bryi VEH-cheer) — good evening
- До побачення (doh poh-BAH-chen-nyah) — goodbye
To say “Hello” in Ukrainian: Привіт (pry-VEET). Built from привіт = hello.
Greet by time of day: Добрий день is the safest, most polite hello.
To say “Good afternoon!” in Ukrainian: Добрий день! (DOH-bryi den). Built from добрий день = good day / hello.
To ask how someone is: Як справи? The reply is Добре, дякую — well, thank you.
- Як справи? (yak SPRA-vy) — How are you?
- Добре, дякую (DOH-breh, DYAH-koo) — Well, thank you
- Дуже добре (DOO-zheh DOH-breh) — Very well
To say “Hi, how are you?” in Ukrainian: Привіт, як справи? (pry-VEET, yak SPRA-vy). Built from привіт = hi; як справи? = how are you?.
Polite phrases
Key pieces: дякую · будь ласка · вибачте
Дякую means thank you — one of the first words you'll use every day.
- Дякую (DYAH-koo) — thank you
- Дуже дякую (DOO-zheh DYAH-koo) — thank you very much
- Будь ласка (bool LAHS-kah) — please / you're welcome
- Вибачте (VY-bach-teh) — excuse me / sorry
- Так (tak) — yes
- Ні (nee) — no
To say “Thank you very much” in Ukrainian: Дуже дякую (DOO-zheh DYAH-koo). Built from дуже = very; дякую = thank you.
Будь ласка is both 'please' and 'you're welcome'.
To say “Thank you — you're welcome” in Ukrainian: Дякую! Будь ласка. (DYAH-koo, bool LAHS-kah). Built from дякую = thank you; будь ласка = you're welcome.
Вибачте is the polite 'excuse me' or 'sorry'. You'll use it a lot.
To say “Excuse me, please” in Ukrainian: Вибачте, будь ласка (VY-bach-teh, bool LAHS-kah). Built from вибачте = excuse me; будь ласка = please.
Numbers 1–10
Key pieces: один · два · три · десять
Numbers are the fastest win. Listen and repeat: один, два, три — one, two, three.
- один (oh-DYN) — 1
- два (dvah) — 2 Memory hook: ≈ English two.
- три (try) — 3 Memory hook: ≈ English three.
- чотири (CHOH-ty-ry) — 4
- п'ять (pyat) — 5
- шість (sheest) — 6
- сім (seem) — 7
- вісім (VEE-seem) — 8
- дев'ять (DEH-vyat) — 9
- десять (DEH-syat) — 10 Memory hook: ≈ English ten.
To say “Two coffees, please” in Ukrainian: Дві кави, будь ласка (dvee KAH-vy, bool LAHS-kah). Built from дві = two (feminine); кави = coffees; будь ласка = please.
Скільки коштує? = how much does it cost? The key shopping phrase.
To say “How much is it?” in Ukrainian: Скільки коштує? (SKEEL-ky kosh-TOO-yeh). Built from скільки = how much; коштує = does it cost.
To say “It's five hryvnias” in Ukrainian: П'ять гривень (pyat HREE-ven). Built from п'ять = five; гривень = hryvnias (the currency).
I want" — хочу & потрібно
Key pieces: я хочу · мені потрібно · можна
The phrase to order anything: я хочу — I want. It's a little direct, but you'll hear it all the time.
A very useful, polite way to ask for something: Мені потрібно… — I need….
To say “I need help” in Ukrainian: Мені потрібна допомога (meh-NEE po-TREEB-nah doh-poh-MOH-hah). Built from мені = to me; потрібна = needed; допомога = help.
Можна…? = may I…? / is it possible to…? — the polite request form.
To say “May I have some water?” in Ukrainian: Можна води? (MOZH-nah vo-DY). Built from можна = may I; води = some water.
To say “I need a taxi” in Ukrainian: Мені потрібне таксі (meh-NEE po-TREEB-neh tak-SEE). Built from мені потрібне = I need; таксі = taxi. ≈ English taxi.
Food & drink
Key pieces: кава · вода · хліб · меню
Eating out? Key words: кава (coffee), вода (water), хліб (bread).
- кава (KAH-vah) — coffee Memory hook: ≈ English coffee (café).
- вода (vo-DAH) — water
- хліб (khleeb) — bread
- меню (meh-NOO) — the menu Memory hook: ≈ English menu.
- чай (chai) — tea
To say “A coffee and water, please” in Ukrainian: Кава і вода, будь ласка (KAH-vah ee vo-DAH, bool LAHS-kah). Built from кава = coffee; і = and; вода = water; будь ласка = please.
To say “May I have the menu?” in Ukrainian: Можна меню? (MOZH-nah meh-NOO). Built from можна = may I have; меню = the menu.
Дуже смачно = it's delicious. Say it and you'll make the chef's day.
To say “It's delicious!” in Ukrainian: Дуже смачно! (DOO-zheh SMAHCH-noh). Built from дуже = very; смачно = tasty / delicious.
Getting around
Key pieces: де? · направо · наліво · вокзал
The most useful question in any city: Де…? — where is…?
- Де...? (deh) — Where is...?
- направо (nah-PRAH-voh) — to the right
- наліво (nah-LEE-voh) — to the left
- прямо (PRYAH-moh) — straight ahead
- вокзал (vok-ZAHL) — the station
- зупинка (zoo-PEEN-kah) — the stop
To say “Where is the station?” in Ukrainian: Де вокзал? (deh vok-ZAHL). Built from де = where; вокзал = the station.
To say “Where is the bathroom?” in Ukrainian: Де туалет? (deh too-AH-let). Built from де = where; туалет = the bathroom. ≈ English toilet.
Направо and наліво tell you which way to turn.
To say “Turn right” in Ukrainian: Поверніть направо (poh-ver-NEET nah-PRAH-voh). Built from поверніть = turn; направо = to the right.
Questions & "do you have…?"
Key pieces: у вас є? · чи є · можна
To ask if someone has something: У вас є…? — do you have…? (polite). For a friend: У тебе є…?
To say “Do you have a table?” in Ukrainian: У вас є столик? (oo vas yeh STOH-lyk). Built from у вас є = do you have; столик = a table.
Чи є…? = is there…? Very useful for what's available.
To say “Is there wifi?” in Ukrainian: Чи є Wi-Fi? (chy yeh WEE-fee). Built from чи є = is there; Wi-Fi = wifi.
Можна…? asks permission: may I…?
To say “May I pay?” in Ukrainian: Можна заплатити? (MOZH-nah zah-plah-TY-ty). Built from можна = may I; заплатити = to pay.
To say “Can I pay by card?” in Ukrainian: Можна карткою? (MOZH-nah KAHRT-koyu). Built from можна = is it possible; карткою = by card.
Family & people
Key pieces: сім'я · мама · тато · друг
Family words: сім'я (family), мама (mother), тато (father).
- сім'я (see-MYA) — family
- мама (MAH-mah) — mom Memory hook: ≈ English mama / mom.
- тато (TAH-toh) — dad
- друг (drooh) — friend
- брат (brat) — brother Memory hook: ≈ English brother.
- сестра (ses-TRAH) — sister Memory hook: ≈ English sister.
To say “This is my family” in Ukrainian: Це моя сім'я (tseh mo-YAH see-MYA). Built from це = this is; моя = my; сім'я = family.
У мене є… = I have… — the key way to say what you've got.
To say “I have a friend” in Ukrainian: У мене є друг (oo meh-NEH yeh drooh). Built from у мене є = I have; друг = a friend.
Note the gender: моя (my, feminine) vs мій (my, masculine).
Time, days & weather
Key pieces: сьогодні · завтра · яка погода?
Today is сьогодні , tomorrow is завтра .
- сьогодні (syoh-HOD-nee) — today
- завтра (ZAHV-trah) — tomorrow
- вчора (VCHOH-rah) — yesterday
- яка погода? (yah-KAH poh-HOH-dah) — what's the weather?
To say “See you tomorrow” in Ukrainian: До завтра (doh ZAHV-trah). Built from до = until; завтра = tomorrow.
Ask about the weather: Яка сьогодні погода?
To say “It's cold today” in Ukrainian: Сьогодні холодно (syoh-HOD-nee KHOH-lod-noh). Built from сьогодні = today; холодно = it's cold.
To say “It's sunny” in Ukrainian: Сонячно (SON-yach-noh). Built from сонячно = it's sunny.
Small talk & your name
Key pieces: мене звати · як вас звати? · приємно
Introduce yourself: Мене звати… = my name is…, and Дуже приємно = pleased to meet you.
To say “My name is Alex” in Ukrainian: Мене звати Alex (meh-NEH ZVA-ty Alex). Built from мене звати = my name is; Alex = your name.
To ask someone's name: Як вас звати? (polite) or Як тебе звати? (informal).
To say “What's your name?” in Ukrainian: Як вас звати? (yak vas ZVA-ty). Built from як = how; вас звати = they call you (polite).
To say “Pleased to meet you” in Ukrainian: Дуже приємно (DOO-zheh pry-YEHM-noh). Built from дуже = very; приємно = pleased.
Where are you from? Звідки ви? — reply Я з… + your country.
Health & emergency
Key pieces: допомога · лікар · аптека
The most important words if you need help: допомога (help), лікар (doctor), аптека (pharmacy).
- допомога (doh-poh-MOH-hah) — help
- лікар (LEE-kahr) — doctor
- аптека (ap-TEH-kah) — pharmacy
- швидка (shveed-KAH) — ambulance
- я не розумію (ya neh roh-ZOO-mee-yoo) — I don't understand
To say “Help!” in Ukrainian: Допомога! (doh-poh-MOH-hah). Built from допомога = help.
To say “I don't understand” in Ukrainian: Я не розумію (ya neh roh-ZOO-mee-yoo). Built from я = I; не = not; розумію = I understand.
To say you feel unwell: Мені погано — I feel bad.
To say “I need a doctor” in Ukrainian: Мені потрібен лікар (meh-NEE po-TREE-ben LEE-kahr). Built from мені потрібен = I need; лікар = doctor.
To say “Call a doctor, please” in Ukrainian: Викличте лікаря, будь ласка (VY-klych-teh LEE-kah-rya, bool LAHS-kah). Built from викличте = call; лікаря = doctor; будь ласка = please.
Tying it together
Key pieces: я хочу · мені потрібно · скільки коштує?
Great — you've built a real toolbox. This capstone uses only words you've met. Build each line yourself before revealing.
To say “Hello, how are you?” in Ukrainian: Привіт, як справи? (pry-VEET, yak SPRA-vy). Built from привіт = hi; як справи? = how are you?.
To say “I need a coffee, please” in Ukrainian: Мені потрібна кава, будь ласка (meh-NEE po-TREEB-nah KAH-vah, bool LAHS-kah). Built from мені потрібна = I need; кава = coffee; будь ласка = please.
To say “Where is the station?” in Ukrainian: Де вокзал? (deh vok-ZAHL). Built from де = where; вокзал = the station.
To say “How much is it?” in Ukrainian: Скільки коштує? (SKEEL-ky kosh-TOO-yeh). Built from скільки = how much; коштує = costs.
Airport & tickets
Key pieces: аеропорт · паспорт · квиток · рейс
You have landed. The building is the аеропорт . Your document is a паспорт .
- аеропорт (ah-eh-roh-PORT) — the airport
- паспорт (PAHS-port) — the passport
- квиток (kvee-TOHK) — the ticket
- рейс (rays) — the flight
- вихід (VY-khid) — the gate
To say “Where is the airport?” in Ukrainian: Де аеропорт? (deh ah-eh-roh-PORT). Built from де = where; аеропорт = the airport.
To say “Here is my passport” in Ukrainian: Ось мій паспорт (ohs' meey PAHS-port). Built from ось = here is; мій паспорт = my passport.
To say “A ticket, please” in Ukrainian: Квиток, будь ласка (kvee-TOHK, bood' LAHS-kah). Built from квиток = ticket; будь ласка = please.
To say “Where is the gate?” in Ukrainian: Де вихід? (deh VY-khid). Built from де = where; вихід = the gate.
The taxi
Key pieces: таксі · їхати · готель · зупиніться
The driver is waiting. таксі is the word you need. Tell them where to go with я хочу їхати .
- таксі (tahk-SEE) — the taxi
- водій (voh-DEEY) — the driver
- я хочу їхати (yah KHO-choo YEE-khah-ty) — I want to go
- зупиніться тут (zoo-py-NEET-sya toot) — stop here
To say “Taxi, please” in Ukrainian: Таксі, будь ласка (tahk-SEE, bood' LAHS-kah). Built from таксі = taxi; будь ласка = please.
To say “I want to go to the hotel” in Ukrainian: Я хочу їхати до готелю (yah KHO-choo YEE-khah-ty doh hoh-TEH-lyu). Built from я хочу їхати = I want to go; до готелю = to the hotel.
To say “Stop here, please” in Ukrainian: Зупиніться тут, будь ласка (zoo-py-NEET-sya toot, bood' LAHS-kah). Built from зупиніться тут = stop here; будь ласка = please.
To say “How much is it?” in Ukrainian: Скільки це коштує? (SKEEL-ky tseh kosh-TOO-yeh). Built from скільки = how much; це коштує? = does this cost?.
The hotel
Key pieces: бронювання · номер · ключ · ніч
At the desk: У мене є бронювання — I have a reservation.
- готель (hoh-TEL) — the hotel
- бронювання (broh-nyu-VAHN-nya) — the reservation
- номер (NOH-mer) — the room
- ключ (klyooch) — the key
- одну ніч (ohd-NOO neech) — one night
To say “I have a reservation” in Ukrainian: У мене є бронювання (oo MEH-neh yeh broh-nyu-VAHN-nya). Built from у мене є = I have; бронювання = a reservation.
To say “A room for one night, please” in Ukrainian: Номер на одну ніч, будь ласка (NOH-mer nah ohd-NOO neech, bood' LAHS-kah). Built from номер = a room; на одну ніч = for one night; будь ласка = please.
To say “The key, please” in Ukrainian: Ключ, будь ласка (klyooch, bood' LAHS-kah). Built from ключ = the key; будь ласка = please.
To say “Where is my room?” in Ukrainian: Де мій номер? (deh meey NOH-mer). Built from де = where; мій номер = my room.
Ask for help
Key pieces: не розумію · повільніше · англійською
When the language is too fast: Повільніше, будь ласка — slower, please.
- повільніше (poh-VEEL-nee-she) — slower
- ще раз (shcheh rahz) — again
- англійською (ahn-HLEEY-s'koo-yoo) — English
- ви можете допомогти? (vy MOH-zhe-te doh-poh-moh-HTY) — can you help?
To say “I don't understand” in Ukrainian: Я не розумію (yah neh roh-zoo-MEE-yoo). Built from я = I; не = not; розумію = understand.
To say “Slower, please” in Ukrainian: Повільніше, будь ласка (poh-VEEL-nee-she, bood' LAHS-kah). Built from повільніше = slower; будь ласка = please.
To say “Can you help me?” in Ukrainian: Ви можете допомогти? (vy MOH-zhe-te doh-poh-moh-HTY). Built from ви можете = can you; допомогти = help.
To say “Do you speak English?” in Ukrainian: Ви говорите англійською? (vy hoh-VOH-ry-te ahn-HLEEY-s'koo-yoo). Built from ви говорите = do you speak; англійською = English.
Culture and etiquette
Cooking is love
Ukrainian hospitality means a full table: borscht (борщ), verenyky (вареники) filled with potato or cherries, and bread with salo. Refusing food outright can seem cold — accept a small portion and say "дякую".
Coffee culture
Cafés and кава are everywhere in the cities. Order a "кава" (coffee) or "американо". It's perfectly normal to sit and talk for a while — nobody rushes you.
Warm but formal at first
Greet strangers with "Добрий день" and use the polite "ви" form. On first meeting, "пан" (sir) and "пані" (ma'am) are a sign of respect until people warm up.
Symbols of pride
The вишиванка (embroidered shirt) and писанки (decorated eggs) are national symbols worn and displayed on holidays. Naming them shows real respect for the culture.
A little UKrainian goes far
A "дякую" and "будь ласка" open every door. Ukrainians light up when visitors try their language — effort matters far more than perfect endings.
Cities & transport
Ukrainian cities have clean, efficient metros and cheap marshrutka minibuses. In the metro, keep to the right on the escalator and let people off before you get on.
Example dialogues
At a café
You: Добрий день! Одну каву, будь ласка. (DOH-bryi den, OD-noo KAH-voo, bool LAHS-kah) — Good day! One coffee, please.
Barista: Будь ласка. На винос чи на місці? (bool LAHS-kah, na VY-nos chy na MEES-tsi) — Here you go. To go or for here?
You: На винос, дякую. (na VY-nos, DYAH-koo) — To go, thanks.
Barista: Ось. З вас тридцять гривень. (os, z vas TRY-dtsyat HREE-ven) — Here. That's thirty hryvnias.
You: Дуже дякую! (DOO-zheh DYAH-koo) — Thank you very much!
At the station
You: Вибачте, де вокзал? (VY-bach-teh, deh vok-ZAHL) — Excuse me, where's the station?
Local: Он там, прямо. (on tam, PRYAH-moh) — Over there, straight ahead.
You: Дякую. Один квиток до Києва, будь ласка. (DYAH-koo, oh-DYN kveet-TOK doh KYEH-vah, bool LAHS-kah) — Thanks. One ticket to Kyiv, please.
Ticket: Двісті гривень. Поїзд о дев'ятій. (DVIS-ti HREE-ven, PO-yizd oh deh-VYAT-yi) — Two hundred hryvnias. The train is at nine.
At a restaurant
Waiter: Добрий вечір! У вас є бронювання? (DOH-bryi VEH-cheer, oo vas yeh broh-noo-VAN-nyah) — Good evening! Do you have a reservation?
You: Так, на двох. (tak, na dvoh) — Yes, for two.
You: Меню, будь ласка. (meh-NOO, bool LAHS-kah) — The menu, please.
You: Я хочу борщ і чай. (ya KHO-chu borshch i chai) — I'd like borscht and tea.
Waiter: Чудовий вибір! Смачного! (choo-DOH-vyi VY-beer, smach-NOH-hoh) — Excellent choice! Enjoy your meal!
Written by the LanguagePath editorial team from our own course material. Pronunciation guides are approximate English respellings; tap any phrase in the app above to hear it. Native-speaker review of every course is ongoing — tell us if you spot an error.